High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz
In the past 15 years, quantum sensing of magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles in diamond has matured into an established discipline, with several proof of principle demonstrations in condensed matter physics, biological systems, electronics testing, and geomagnetism. However,...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Published: |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2023
|
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/150766 |
| _version_ | 1811072663065460736 |
|---|---|
| author | Alsid, Scott T. |
| author2 | Cappellaro, Paola |
| author_facet | Cappellaro, Paola Alsid, Scott T. |
| author_sort | Alsid, Scott T. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | In the past 15 years, quantum sensing of magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles in diamond has matured into an established discipline, with several proof of principle demonstrations in condensed matter physics, biological systems, electronics testing, and geomagnetism. However, despite the prospect of comparable magnetic field sensitivity, the performance of NV bulk magnetometers sensing low-frequency fields continues to lag behind that of their atomic vapor cell and superconducting counterparts by about three orders of magnitude. Detecting GHz-frequency fields compares much worse, with an additional three order of magnitude reduction in demonstrated sensitivity.
This thesis presents two experimental thrusts designed to improve an NV-ensemble magnetometer by optimizing diamond processing and sensor construction. We first investigate the irradiation and annealing process of diamond samples by developing an NV-charge state spectral decomposition technique, which we use to examine the creation dynamics and diffusion of monovacancies in the diamond lattice. We also examine the behavior of the spin coherence timescales under increasing electron irradiation doses. We then construct an NV-ensemble magnetometer by implementing and expanding upon the best techniques used for diamond growth, microwave delivery, optical excitation and readout, and pulse-control sequences. We use this sensor to demonstrate the most sensitive NV-based bulk magnetometer reported to date in both broadband and narrowband operation, sensing fields in the kHz and GHz frequency range. These experimental efforts demonstrate a deeper understanding and improvement in NV-ensemble magnetometry, opening up new application spaces in several frequency bands of interest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:09:35Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | mit-1721.1/150766 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:09:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1507662023-05-18T03:47:29Z High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz Alsid, Scott T. Cappellaro, Paola Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering In the past 15 years, quantum sensing of magnetic fields using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles in diamond has matured into an established discipline, with several proof of principle demonstrations in condensed matter physics, biological systems, electronics testing, and geomagnetism. However, despite the prospect of comparable magnetic field sensitivity, the performance of NV bulk magnetometers sensing low-frequency fields continues to lag behind that of their atomic vapor cell and superconducting counterparts by about three orders of magnitude. Detecting GHz-frequency fields compares much worse, with an additional three order of magnitude reduction in demonstrated sensitivity. This thesis presents two experimental thrusts designed to improve an NV-ensemble magnetometer by optimizing diamond processing and sensor construction. We first investigate the irradiation and annealing process of diamond samples by developing an NV-charge state spectral decomposition technique, which we use to examine the creation dynamics and diffusion of monovacancies in the diamond lattice. We also examine the behavior of the spin coherence timescales under increasing electron irradiation doses. We then construct an NV-ensemble magnetometer by implementing and expanding upon the best techniques used for diamond growth, microwave delivery, optical excitation and readout, and pulse-control sequences. We use this sensor to demonstrate the most sensitive NV-based bulk magnetometer reported to date in both broadband and narrowband operation, sensing fields in the kHz and GHz frequency range. These experimental efforts demonstrate a deeper understanding and improvement in NV-ensemble magnetometry, opening up new application spaces in several frequency bands of interest. Ph.D. 2023-05-17T17:41:17Z 2023-05-17T17:41:17Z 2022-05 2022-06-17T15:41:09.831Z Thesis https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/150766 In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted Copyright MIT http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/ application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| spellingShingle | Alsid, Scott T. High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz |
| title | High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz |
| title_full | High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz |
| title_fullStr | High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz |
| title_short | High-Sensitivity Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Magnetometry: from DC to GHz |
| title_sort | high sensitivity nitrogen vacancy center magnetometry from dc to ghz |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/150766 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alsidscottt highsensitivitynitrogenvacancycentermagnetometryfromdctoghz |