Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia
Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is associated with adverse impacts on ambient air quality and human mortality; the situation is especially dire in developing countries experiencing rapid industrialization and urban development. This study assessed the spatio-temporal variation...
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| Format: | Article |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152535 |
| _version_ | 1811095352859688960 |
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| author | Islam, Md Sariful Roy, Shimul Tusher, Tanmoy Roy Rahman, Mizanur Harris, Ryley C. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory Islam, Md Sariful Roy, Shimul Tusher, Tanmoy Roy Rahman, Mizanur Harris, Ryley C. |
| author_sort | Islam, Md Sariful |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is associated with adverse impacts on ambient air quality and human mortality; the situation is especially dire in developing countries experiencing rapid industrialization and urban development. This study assessed the spatio-temporal variations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its health impacts in the South Asian region. Both satellite and station-based data were used to monitor the variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> over time. Additionally, mortality data associated with ambient particulate matter were used to depict the overall impacts of air pollution in this region. We applied the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope trend analysis tool to investigate the trend of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. At the same time, clustering of backward trajectories was used for identifying the long-range air mass transport. The results revealed that the mean annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration was the highest (46.72 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) in Bangladesh among the South Asian countries during 1998–2019, exceeding the national ambient air quality standards of Bangladesh (i.e., 15 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) and WHO (10 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), while lower PM<sub>2.5</sub> was observed in the Maldives and Sri Lanka (5.35 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 8.69 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively) compared with the WHO standard. The trend analysis during 1998–2019 suggested that all South Asian countries except the Maldives experienced an increasing trend (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The study showed that among the major cities, the mean annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> value was the highest in New Delhi (110 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), followed by Dhaka (85 µg/m<sup>3</sup>). Regarding seasonal variation, the highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> was found during the pre-monsoon season in all cities. The findings of this research would help the concerned governments of South Asian countries to take steps toward improving air quality through policy interventions or reforms. Moreover, the results would provide future research directions for studying the trend and transport of atmospheric PM<sub>2.5</sub> in other regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:15:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/152535 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:15:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1525352024-01-22T21:44:08Z Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia Islam, Md Sariful Roy, Shimul Tusher, Tanmoy Roy Rahman, Mizanur Harris, Ryley C. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is associated with adverse impacts on ambient air quality and human mortality; the situation is especially dire in developing countries experiencing rapid industrialization and urban development. This study assessed the spatio-temporal variations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its health impacts in the South Asian region. Both satellite and station-based data were used to monitor the variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> over time. Additionally, mortality data associated with ambient particulate matter were used to depict the overall impacts of air pollution in this region. We applied the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope trend analysis tool to investigate the trend of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. At the same time, clustering of backward trajectories was used for identifying the long-range air mass transport. The results revealed that the mean annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration was the highest (46.72 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) in Bangladesh among the South Asian countries during 1998–2019, exceeding the national ambient air quality standards of Bangladesh (i.e., 15 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) and WHO (10 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), while lower PM<sub>2.5</sub> was observed in the Maldives and Sri Lanka (5.35 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 8.69 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively) compared with the WHO standard. The trend analysis during 1998–2019 suggested that all South Asian countries except the Maldives experienced an increasing trend (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The study showed that among the major cities, the mean annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> value was the highest in New Delhi (110 µg/m<sup>3</sup>), followed by Dhaka (85 µg/m<sup>3</sup>). Regarding seasonal variation, the highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> was found during the pre-monsoon season in all cities. The findings of this research would help the concerned governments of South Asian countries to take steps toward improving air quality through policy interventions or reforms. Moreover, the results would provide future research directions for studying the trend and transport of atmospheric PM<sub>2.5</sub> in other regions. 2023-10-27T19:16:44Z 2023-10-27T19:16:44Z 2023-10-16 2023-10-27T10:26:58Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152535 Remote Sensing 15 (20): 4975 (2023) PUBLISHER_CC http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15204975 Creative Commons Attribution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| spellingShingle | Islam, Md Sariful Roy, Shimul Tusher, Tanmoy Roy Rahman, Mizanur Harris, Ryley C. Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia |
| title | Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia |
| title_full | Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia |
| title_short | Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Variations in PM2.5 Associated Long-Range Air Mass Transport and Mortality in South Asia |
| title_sort | assessment of spatio temporal variations in pm2 5 associated long range air mass transport and mortality in south asia |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/152535 |
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