Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium
This study investigated cause-specific mortality rates in 12 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Methods We collected weekly cause-specific mortality data from respiratory disease, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer fro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Netherlands
2024
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/155084 |
| _version_ | 1811076655065595904 |
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| author | Beeks, Victoria V. Achilleos, Souzana Quattrocchi, Annalisa Pallari, Chryso T. Critselis, Elena Salameh, Pascale Rahmanian Haghighi, Mohammad R. Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose M. Ambrosio, Giuseppe Artemiou, Andreas Gabel, John Bennett, Catherine M. Cuthbertson, Joseph Zimmermann, Claudia |
| author_facet | Beeks, Victoria V. Achilleos, Souzana Quattrocchi, Annalisa Pallari, Chryso T. Critselis, Elena Salameh, Pascale Rahmanian Haghighi, Mohammad R. Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose M. Ambrosio, Giuseppe Artemiou, Andreas Gabel, John Bennett, Catherine M. Cuthbertson, Joseph Zimmermann, Claudia |
| author_sort | Beeks, Victoria V. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | This study investigated cause-specific mortality rates in 12 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021.
Methods
We collected weekly cause-specific mortality data from respiratory disease, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer from national vital statistic databases. We calculated excess mortality for respiratory disease (excluding COVID-19 codes), pneumonia, and CVD in 2020 and 2021 by comparing observed weekly against expected mortality based on historical data (2015–2019), accounting for seasonal trends. We used multilevel regression models to investigate the association between country-level pandemic-related variables and cause-specific mortality.
Results
Significant reductions in cumulative mortality from respiratory disease and pneumonia were observed in 2020 and/or 2021, except for Georgia, Northern Ireland, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, which exhibited excess mortality for one or both causes. Australia, Austria, Cyprus, Georgia, and Northern Ireland experienced excess cumulative CVD mortality in 2020 and/or 2021. Australia, Austria, Brazil, Cyprus, Georgia, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Slovenia, experienced increased crude cumulative cancer mortality during 2020 and/or 2021 compared to previous years. Among pandemic-related variables, reported COVID-19 incidence was negatively associated with increased cancer mortality, excess respiratory, (2020) and pneumonia (2021) mortality, and positively associated with respiratory and CVD mortality (2021). Stringency of control measures were negatively associated with excess respiratory disease, CVD, and increased cancer mortality (2021).
Conclusions
This study provides evidence of substantial excess mortality from CVD, and notable reductions in respiratory disease and pneumonia in both years across most countries investigated. Our study also highlights the beneficial impact of stringent control measures in mitigating excess mortality from most causes in 2021. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:25:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/155084 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:25:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/1550842024-06-01T03:45:30Z Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium Beeks, Victoria V. Achilleos, Souzana Quattrocchi, Annalisa Pallari, Chryso T. Critselis, Elena Salameh, Pascale Rahmanian Haghighi, Mohammad R. Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose M. Ambrosio, Giuseppe Artemiou, Andreas Gabel, John Bennett, Catherine M. Cuthbertson, Joseph Zimmermann, Claudia This study investigated cause-specific mortality rates in 12 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Methods We collected weekly cause-specific mortality data from respiratory disease, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer from national vital statistic databases. We calculated excess mortality for respiratory disease (excluding COVID-19 codes), pneumonia, and CVD in 2020 and 2021 by comparing observed weekly against expected mortality based on historical data (2015–2019), accounting for seasonal trends. We used multilevel regression models to investigate the association between country-level pandemic-related variables and cause-specific mortality. Results Significant reductions in cumulative mortality from respiratory disease and pneumonia were observed in 2020 and/or 2021, except for Georgia, Northern Ireland, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, which exhibited excess mortality for one or both causes. Australia, Austria, Cyprus, Georgia, and Northern Ireland experienced excess cumulative CVD mortality in 2020 and/or 2021. Australia, Austria, Brazil, Cyprus, Georgia, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Slovenia, experienced increased crude cumulative cancer mortality during 2020 and/or 2021 compared to previous years. Among pandemic-related variables, reported COVID-19 incidence was negatively associated with increased cancer mortality, excess respiratory, (2020) and pneumonia (2021) mortality, and positively associated with respiratory and CVD mortality (2021). Stringency of control measures were negatively associated with excess respiratory disease, CVD, and increased cancer mortality (2021). Conclusions This study provides evidence of substantial excess mortality from CVD, and notable reductions in respiratory disease and pneumonia in both years across most countries investigated. Our study also highlights the beneficial impact of stringent control measures in mitigating excess mortality from most causes in 2021. 2024-05-29T15:04:56Z 2024-05-29T15:04:56Z 2024-05-22 2024-05-26T03:11:15Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/155084 Beeks, V.V., Achilleos, S., Quattrocchi, A. et al. Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium. J Epidemiol Glob Health (2024). PUBLISHER_CC en https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-024-00242-4 Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health Creative Commons Attribution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Author(s) application/pdf Springer Netherlands Springer Netherlands |
| spellingShingle | Beeks, Victoria V. Achilleos, Souzana Quattrocchi, Annalisa Pallari, Chryso T. Critselis, Elena Salameh, Pascale Rahmanian Haghighi, Mohammad R. Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose M. Ambrosio, Giuseppe Artemiou, Andreas Gabel, John Bennett, Catherine M. Cuthbertson, Joseph Zimmermann, Claudia Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium |
| title | Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium |
| title_full | Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium |
| title_fullStr | Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium |
| title_short | Cause-Specific Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2021) in 12 Countries of the C-MOR Consortium |
| title_sort | cause specific excess mortality during the covid 19 pandemic 2020 2021 in 12 countries of the c mor consortium |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/155084 |
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