Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory
We present a high-resolution soft x-ray grating spectrometer concept for the International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) that meets or exceeds the minimum requirements for effective area (> 1, 000 cm[superscript 2] for E < 1 keV) and spectral resolution (E/[open triangle]E > 3, 000). At the heart...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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The International Society for Optical Engineering
2010
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52717 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6932-2612 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-4482 |
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| author | Smith, Matthew Schulz, Norbert S. Schattenburg, Mark Lee Mukherjee, Pran Huenemoerder, David P. Foster, Richard F. Bautz, Marshall W. Ahn, Minseung Marshall, Herman Heilmann, Ralf K |
| author2 | MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research |
| author_facet | MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Smith, Matthew Schulz, Norbert S. Schattenburg, Mark Lee Mukherjee, Pran Huenemoerder, David P. Foster, Richard F. Bautz, Marshall W. Ahn, Minseung Marshall, Herman Heilmann, Ralf K |
| author_sort | Smith, Matthew |
| collection | MIT |
| description | We present a high-resolution soft x-ray grating spectrometer concept for the International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) that meets or exceeds the minimum requirements for effective area (> 1, 000 cm[superscript 2] for E < 1 keV) and spectral resolution (E/[open triangle]E > 3, 000). At the heart of the spectrometer is an array of recently developed highefficiency blazed transmission gratings, the so-called critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings. They combine the advantages of traditional transmission gratings (very low mass, extremely relaxed alignment and flatness tolerances) with those of x-ray reflection gratings (high efficiency due to blazing in the direction of grazing-incidence reflection). In addition, a CAT grating spectrometer is well-suited for co-existence with energy-dispersive highenergy focal plane detectors, since most high-energy x rays are neither absorbed, nor diffracted, and contribute to the effective area at the telescope focus. Since our initial successful x-ray demonstrations of the CAT grating concept with large-period and lower aspect-ratio prototypes, we have now microfabricated 200 nm-period silicon CAT gratings comprised of grating bars with the required dimensions (6 micron tall, 40 nm wide, aspect ratio 150), optimized for the 0.3 to 1.0 keV energy band. Preliminary analysis of recent x-ray tests show blazing behavior up to 1.28 keV in accordance with predictions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:41:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/52717 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:41:50Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | The International Society for Optical Engineering |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/527172022-09-29T20:48:56Z Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory Smith, Matthew Schulz, Norbert S. Schattenburg, Mark Lee Mukherjee, Pran Huenemoerder, David P. Foster, Richard F. Bautz, Marshall W. Ahn, Minseung Marshall, Herman Heilmann, Ralf K MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Heilmann, Ralf K. Smith, Matthew Schulz, Norbert S. Schattenburg, Mark Lee Mukherjee, Pran Marshall, Herman Lee Huenemoerder, David P. Foster, Richard F. Bautz, Marshall W. Ahn, Minseung Heilmann, Ralf K. We present a high-resolution soft x-ray grating spectrometer concept for the International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) that meets or exceeds the minimum requirements for effective area (> 1, 000 cm[superscript 2] for E < 1 keV) and spectral resolution (E/[open triangle]E > 3, 000). At the heart of the spectrometer is an array of recently developed highefficiency blazed transmission gratings, the so-called critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings. They combine the advantages of traditional transmission gratings (very low mass, extremely relaxed alignment and flatness tolerances) with those of x-ray reflection gratings (high efficiency due to blazing in the direction of grazing-incidence reflection). In addition, a CAT grating spectrometer is well-suited for co-existence with energy-dispersive highenergy focal plane detectors, since most high-energy x rays are neither absorbed, nor diffracted, and contribute to the effective area at the telescope focus. Since our initial successful x-ray demonstrations of the CAT grating concept with large-period and lower aspect-ratio prototypes, we have now microfabricated 200 nm-period silicon CAT gratings comprised of grating bars with the required dimensions (6 micron tall, 40 nm wide, aspect ratio 150), optimized for the 0.3 to 1.0 keV energy band. Preliminary analysis of recent x-ray tests show blazing behavior up to 1.28 keV in accordance with predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grants NNX07AG98G, NNX08AI62G, and NNX09AE82A) Kavli Foundation 2010-03-18T18:34:45Z 2010-03-18T18:34:45Z 2009-08 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 0277-786X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52717 Heilmann, Ralf K. et al. “Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory.” Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IV. Ed. Stephen L. O'Dell & Giovanni Pareschi. San Diego, CA, USA: SPIE, 2009. 74370G-12. © 2009 SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6932-2612 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-4482 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.825394 Proceedings of SPIE Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf The International Society for Optical Engineering SPIE |
| spellingShingle | Smith, Matthew Schulz, Norbert S. Schattenburg, Mark Lee Mukherjee, Pran Huenemoerder, David P. Foster, Richard F. Bautz, Marshall W. Ahn, Minseung Marshall, Herman Heilmann, Ralf K Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory |
| title | Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory |
| title_full | Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory |
| title_fullStr | Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory |
| title_short | Development of a critical-angle transmission grating spectrometer for the International X-Ray Observatory |
| title_sort | development of a critical angle transmission grating spectrometer for the international x ray observatory |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52717 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6932-2612 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-4482 |
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