Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
Background and Objective Transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using near-infrared light can efficiently penetrate through the scalp and skull and could allow non-invasive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effect using 810-nm wavel...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68633 |
| _version_ | 1826195050526146560 |
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| author | Ando, Takahiro Xuan, Weijun Xu, Tao Dai, Tianhong Sharma, Sulbha K. Kharkwal, Gitika B. Huang, Ying-Ying Wu, Qiuhe Whalen, Michael J. Sato, Shunichi Obara, Minoru Hamblin, Michael R. |
| author2 | Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology |
| author_facet | Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Ando, Takahiro Xuan, Weijun Xu, Tao Dai, Tianhong Sharma, Sulbha K. Kharkwal, Gitika B. Huang, Ying-Ying Wu, Qiuhe Whalen, Michael J. Sato, Shunichi Obara, Minoru Hamblin, Michael R. |
| author_sort | Ando, Takahiro |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Background and Objective
Transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using near-infrared light can efficiently penetrate through the scalp and skull and could allow non-invasive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effect using 810-nm wavelength laser light in continuous and pulsed wave modes in a mouse model of TBI.
Study Design/Materials and Methods
TBI was induced by a controlled cortical-impact device and 4-hours post-TBI 1-group received a sham treatment and 3-groups received a single exposure to transcranial LLLT, either continuous wave or pulsed at 10-Hz or 100-Hz with a 50% duty cycle. An 810-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser delivered a spot with diameter of 1-cm onto the injured head with a power density of 50-mW/cm2 for 12-minutes giving a fluence of 36-J/cm2. Neurological severity score (NSS) and body weight were measured up to 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at 2, 15 and 28 days post-TBI and the lesion size was histologically analyzed. The quantity of ATP production in the brain tissue was determined immediately after laser irradiation. We examined the role of LLLT on the psychological state of the mice at 1 day and 4 weeks after TBI using tail suspension test and forced swim test.
Results
The 810-nm laser pulsed at 10-Hz was the most effective judged by improvement in NSS and body weight although the other laser regimens were also effective. The brain lesion volume of mice treated with 10-Hz pulsed-laser irradiation was significantly lower than control group at 15-days and 4-weeks post-TBI. Moreover, we found an antidepressant effect of LLLT at 4-weeks as shown by forced swim and tail suspension tests.
Conclusion
The therapeutic effect of LLLT for TBI with an 810-nm laser was more effective at 10-Hz pulse frequency than at CW and 100-Hz. This finding may provide a new insight into biological mechanisms of LLLT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:06:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/68633 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:06:06Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/686332022-09-26T15:43:41Z Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Ando, Takahiro Xuan, Weijun Xu, Tao Dai, Tianhong Sharma, Sulbha K. Kharkwal, Gitika B. Huang, Ying-Ying Wu, Qiuhe Whalen, Michael J. Sato, Shunichi Obara, Minoru Hamblin, Michael R. Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Hamblin, Michael R. Hamblin, Michael R. Background and Objective Transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using near-infrared light can efficiently penetrate through the scalp and skull and could allow non-invasive treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effect using 810-nm wavelength laser light in continuous and pulsed wave modes in a mouse model of TBI. Study Design/Materials and Methods TBI was induced by a controlled cortical-impact device and 4-hours post-TBI 1-group received a sham treatment and 3-groups received a single exposure to transcranial LLLT, either continuous wave or pulsed at 10-Hz or 100-Hz with a 50% duty cycle. An 810-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser delivered a spot with diameter of 1-cm onto the injured head with a power density of 50-mW/cm2 for 12-minutes giving a fluence of 36-J/cm2. Neurological severity score (NSS) and body weight were measured up to 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed at 2, 15 and 28 days post-TBI and the lesion size was histologically analyzed. The quantity of ATP production in the brain tissue was determined immediately after laser irradiation. We examined the role of LLLT on the psychological state of the mice at 1 day and 4 weeks after TBI using tail suspension test and forced swim test. Results The 810-nm laser pulsed at 10-Hz was the most effective judged by improvement in NSS and body weight although the other laser regimens were also effective. The brain lesion volume of mice treated with 10-Hz pulsed-laser irradiation was significantly lower than control group at 15-days and 4-weeks post-TBI. Moreover, we found an antidepressant effect of LLLT at 4-weeks as shown by forced swim and tail suspension tests. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of LLLT for TBI with an 810-nm laser was more effective at 10-Hz pulse frequency than at CW and 100-Hz. This finding may provide a new insight into biological mechanisms of LLLT. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01AI050875) Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (DAMD17-02-2-0006) United States. Dept. of Defense. Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-09-1-0514) United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Military Photomedicine Program (FA9950-04-1-0079)) Japan. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 2012-01-23T17:51:34Z 2012-01-23T17:51:34Z 2011-10 2011-07 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68633 Ando, Takahiro et al. “Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.” Ed. Joseph El Khoury. PLoS ONE 6.10 (2011): e26212. en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026212 PLoS ONE Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ application/pdf Public Library of Science PLoS |
| spellingShingle | Ando, Takahiro Xuan, Weijun Xu, Tao Dai, Tianhong Sharma, Sulbha K. Kharkwal, Gitika B. Huang, Ying-Ying Wu, Qiuhe Whalen, Michael J. Sato, Shunichi Obara, Minoru Hamblin, Michael R. Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice |
| title | Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice |
| title_full | Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice |
| title_short | Comparison of Therapeutic Effects between Pulsed and Continuous Wave 810-nm Wavelength Laser Irradiation for Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice |
| title_sort | comparison of therapeutic effects between pulsed and continuous wave 810 nm wavelength laser irradiation for traumatic brain injury in mice |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68633 |
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