Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics
Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | eng |
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3933 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69189 |
| _version_ | 1826210065382637568 |
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| author | Nakata, Dorene Samantha |
| author2 | S. Adam Soule, Alison Shaw and Frederick Frey. |
| author_facet | S. Adam Soule, Alison Shaw and Frederick Frey. Nakata, Dorene Samantha |
| author_sort | Nakata, Dorene Samantha |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:41:38Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | mit-1721.1/69189 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:41:38Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/691892022-01-12T17:49:13Z Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics Constraints on Mid-ocean ridge basalts carbon dioxide variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics Nakata, Dorene Samantha S. Adam Soule, Alison Shaw and Frederick Frey. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Mid-ocean ridges Seawater Carbon dioxide content Measurement Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-37). Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) exhibit a wide range of CO2 concentrations, reflecting saturation to supersaturation (and rarely undersaturation) relative to their emplacement depths. In this study, we explore the mechanisms of CO2 degassing and the implications this has for estimating the advance rates and durations of seafloor eruptions. We present dissolved volatile concentrations (mainly of CO 2 and H20) and vesicle size distributions (VSDs) for a unique suite of MORB glasses collected at the East Pacific Rise, ~9° 50' N. These MORB glasses were collected at -200 m intervals along an across-axis track over a single flow pathway within the recently emplaced 2005-06 eruption boundaries; systematic sample collection provides one of the first opportunities to characterize intra-flow geochemical and physical evolution during a single eruption at a fast-spreading ridge. Compared to measurements of MORB volatiles globally, dissolved H20 concentrations are relatively uniform (0.10 - 0.16 weight percent), whereas dissolved CO2 contents exhibit a range of concentrations (154 - 278 ppm) and decrease with distance from the EPR axis (i.e., eruptive vent). Ion microprobe analysis of dissolved volatiles within the MORB glasses suggest that the magma erupted supersaturated (pressure equilibrium with 920 - 1224 mbsf) and in near-equilibrium with the melt lens of the axial magma chamber (~1250 - 1500 mbsf), and degassed to near equilibrium (299 - 447 mbsf) with seafloor depths over the length of the flow. The decrease in CO 2 concentrations spans nearly the full range of dissolved CO2 contents observed at the EPR and shows that the varying degrees of volatile saturation that have been observed in other MORB sample suites may be explained by degassing during emplacement. Vesicularity (0.1 - 1.2%) increases with decreasing dissolved CO2 concentrations. We use vesicle size distributions (VSDs)-vesicle sizes and number densities-to quantify the physical evolution of the CO2 degassing process. VSDs suggest that diffusion of CO2 into preexisting vesicles, and not nucleation of new vesicles, is the dominant mechanism of increasing CO2 in the vapor phase. We also use VSDs, along with estimates of vesicle growth rates, to constrain emplacement time of the 2005-06 eruption to <~24 hours and to resolve variations in advance rate with down flow distance. by Dorene Samantha Nakata. S.M. 2012-02-24T16:28:37Z 2012-02-24T16:28:37Z 2010 2010 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3933 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69189 700510512 eng M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3933 http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 65 p. application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| spellingShingle | Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Mid-ocean ridges Seawater Carbon dioxide content Measurement Nakata, Dorene Samantha Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics |
| title | Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics |
| title_full | Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics |
| title_fullStr | Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics |
| title_short | Syn-eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow : constraints on MORB CO₂ variability, vesiculation, and eruption dynamics |
| title_sort | syn eruptive degassing of a single submarine lava flow constraints on morb co₂ variability vesiculation and eruption dynamics |
| topic | Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics. Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Mid-ocean ridges Seawater Carbon dioxide content Measurement |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3933 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69189 |
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