Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs
The illumination-angle-dependent absorptance was determined for three types of superconducting-nanowire singlephoton detector (SNSPD) designs: 1. periodic bare niobium-nitride (NbN) stripes with dimensions of conventional SNSPDs, 2. the same NbN patterns integrated with ~quarter-wavelength hydrogens...
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| Format: | Article |
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Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73906 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-9031 |
| _version_ | 1826214913086849024 |
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| author | Csete, Maria Sipos, Aron Najafi, Faraz Berggren, Karl K. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Csete, Maria Sipos, Aron Najafi, Faraz Berggren, Karl K. |
| author_sort | Csete, Maria |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The illumination-angle-dependent absorptance was determined for three types of superconducting-nanowire singlephoton detector (SNSPD) designs: 1. periodic bare niobium-nitride (NbN) stripes with dimensions of conventional SNSPDs, 2. the same NbN patterns integrated with ~quarter-wavelength hydrogensilsesquioxane-filled nano- cavity, 3. similar cavity-integrated structures covered by a thin gold reflector. A three-dimensional finite-element method was applied to determine the optical response and near-field distribution as a function of p-polarized light illumination orientations specified by polar-angle, φ, and azimuthal-angle, γ. The numerical results proved that the NbN absorptance might be maximized via simultaneous optimization of the polar and azimuthal illumination angles. Complementary transfer-matrix-method calculations were performed on analogous film-stacks to uncover the phenomena contributing to the appearance of extrema on the optical response of NbN-patterns in P-structure-configuration. This comparative study showed that the absorptance of bare NbN patterns is zero at the angle corresponding to total internal reflection (TIR). In cavity-integrated structures the NbN absorptance curve indicates a maximum at the same orientation due to the phase shift introduced by the quarter-wavelength HSQ layer. The reflector promotes the NbN absorptance at small polar angles, but the available absorptance is limited by attenuated TIR in polar angle-intervals, where surface modes are excited on the gold film. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:12:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/73906 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:12:15Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/739062022-10-02T07:02:34Z Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs Csete, Maria Sipos, Aron Najafi, Faraz Berggren, Karl K. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Berggren, Karl K. Csete, Maria Najafi, Faraz Berggren, Karl K. The illumination-angle-dependent absorptance was determined for three types of superconducting-nanowire singlephoton detector (SNSPD) designs: 1. periodic bare niobium-nitride (NbN) stripes with dimensions of conventional SNSPDs, 2. the same NbN patterns integrated with ~quarter-wavelength hydrogensilsesquioxane-filled nano- cavity, 3. similar cavity-integrated structures covered by a thin gold reflector. A three-dimensional finite-element method was applied to determine the optical response and near-field distribution as a function of p-polarized light illumination orientations specified by polar-angle, φ, and azimuthal-angle, γ. The numerical results proved that the NbN absorptance might be maximized via simultaneous optimization of the polar and azimuthal illumination angles. Complementary transfer-matrix-method calculations were performed on analogous film-stacks to uncover the phenomena contributing to the appearance of extrema on the optical response of NbN-patterns in P-structure-configuration. This comparative study showed that the absorptance of bare NbN patterns is zero at the angle corresponding to total internal reflection (TIR). In cavity-integrated structures the NbN absorptance curve indicates a maximum at the same orientation due to the phase shift introduced by the quarter-wavelength HSQ layer. The reflector promotes the NbN absorptance at small polar angles, but the available absorptance is limited by attenuated TIR in polar angle-intervals, where surface modes are excited on the gold film. Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (grant No. OTKA-NKTH CNK 78459) Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (grant No. grants OTKANKTH K 75149) United States. Dept. of Energy (Frontiers Research Centers program) 2012-10-11T20:32:41Z 2012-10-11T20:32:41Z 2011-09 2011-08 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 9780819487650 0819487651 0277-786X SPIE v. 8155 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73906 Csete, Maria et al. “Polar-azimuthal Angle Dependent Efficiency of Different Infrared Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detector Designs.” Infrared sensors, devices, and applications: and Single photon imaging II : 22-25 August 2011, San Diego, California, United States. Edited by Paul D. LeVan et al. 2011. 81551K–81551K–8. (Proceedings of SPIE ; v. 8155) Web. ©2011 SPIE. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-9031 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.893879 Infrared sensors, devices, and applications : and Single photon imaging II Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers SPIE |
| spellingShingle | Csete, Maria Sipos, Aron Najafi, Faraz Berggren, Karl K. Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs |
| title | Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs |
| title_full | Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs |
| title_fullStr | Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs |
| title_short | Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs |
| title_sort | polar azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single photon detector designs |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73906 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-9031 |
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