The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease
Visual cues open a unique window to the understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD). These cues can temporarily but dramatically improve PD motor symptoms. Although details are unclear, cues are believed to suppress pathological basal ganglia (BG) activity through activation of corticostriatal pa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Frontiers Research Foundation
2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74998 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-7819 |
| _version_ | 1826210350836482048 |
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| author | Brown, Emery N. Sarma, Sridevi V. Cheng, Ming L. Eden, Uri T. Williams, Ziv Eskandar, Emad |
| author2 | Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology |
| author_facet | Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Brown, Emery N. Sarma, Sridevi V. Cheng, Ming L. Eden, Uri T. Williams, Ziv Eskandar, Emad |
| author_sort | Brown, Emery N. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Visual cues open a unique window to the understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD). These cues can temporarily but dramatically improve PD motor symptoms. Although details are unclear, cues are believed to suppress pathological basal ganglia (BG) activity through activation of corticostriatal pathways. In this study, we investigated human BG neurophysiology under different cued conditions. We evaluated bursting, 10–30 Hz oscillations (OSCs), and directional tuning (DT) dynamics in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity while seven patients executed a two-step motor task. In the first step (predicted +cue), the patient moved to a target when prompted by a visual go cue that appeared 100% of the time. Here, the timing of the cue is predictable and the cue serves an external trigger to execute a motor plan. In the second step, the cue appeared randomly 50% of the time, and the patient had to move to the same target as in the first step. When it appeared (unpredicted +cue), the motor plan was to be triggered by the cue, but its timing was not predictable. When the cue failed to appear (unpredicted −cue), the motor plan was triggered by the absence of the visual cue. We found that during predicted +cue and unpredicted −cue trials, OSCs significantly decreased and DT significantly increased above baseline, though these modulations occurred an average of 640 ms later in unpredicted −cue trials. Movement and reaction times were comparable in these trials. During unpredicted +cue trials, OSCs, and DT failed to modulate though bursting significantly decreased after movement. Correspondingly, movement performance deteriorated. These findings suggest that during motor planning either a predictably timed external cue or an internally generated cue (generated by the absence of a cue) trigger the execution of a motor plan in premotor cortex, whose increased activation then suppresses pathological activity in STN through direct pathways, leading to motor facilitation in PD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:48:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/74998 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T14:48:25Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/749982022-10-01T22:35:31Z The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease Brown, Emery N. Sarma, Sridevi V. Cheng, Ming L. Eden, Uri T. Williams, Ziv Eskandar, Emad Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Brown, Emery N. Eden, Uri T. Visual cues open a unique window to the understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD). These cues can temporarily but dramatically improve PD motor symptoms. Although details are unclear, cues are believed to suppress pathological basal ganglia (BG) activity through activation of corticostriatal pathways. In this study, we investigated human BG neurophysiology under different cued conditions. We evaluated bursting, 10–30 Hz oscillations (OSCs), and directional tuning (DT) dynamics in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity while seven patients executed a two-step motor task. In the first step (predicted +cue), the patient moved to a target when prompted by a visual go cue that appeared 100% of the time. Here, the timing of the cue is predictable and the cue serves an external trigger to execute a motor plan. In the second step, the cue appeared randomly 50% of the time, and the patient had to move to the same target as in the first step. When it appeared (unpredicted +cue), the motor plan was to be triggered by the cue, but its timing was not predictable. When the cue failed to appear (unpredicted −cue), the motor plan was triggered by the absence of the visual cue. We found that during predicted +cue and unpredicted −cue trials, OSCs significantly decreased and DT significantly increased above baseline, though these modulations occurred an average of 640 ms later in unpredicted −cue trials. Movement and reaction times were comparable in these trials. During unpredicted +cue trials, OSCs, and DT failed to modulate though bursting significantly decreased after movement. Correspondingly, movement performance deteriorated. These findings suggest that during motor planning either a predictably timed external cue or an internally generated cue (generated by the absence of a cue) trigger the execution of a motor plan in premotor cortex, whose increased activation then suppresses pathological activity in STN through direct pathways, leading to motor facilitation in PD. Burroughs Wellcome Fund (CASI Award 1007274) National Science Foundation (U.S.). (CAREER Award 1055560) National Institute of Drug Abuse (DA015644) National Institute of Drug Abuse (MH59733) 2012-11-20T14:58:50Z 2012-11-20T14:58:50Z 2012-07 2012-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1662-5145 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74998 Sarma, Sridevi V. et al. “The Effects of Cues on Neurons in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson’s Disease.” Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 6 (2012). © 2012 Frontiers Media S.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-7819 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00040 Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Frontiers Research Foundation Frontiers Research Foundation |
| spellingShingle | Brown, Emery N. Sarma, Sridevi V. Cheng, Ming L. Eden, Uri T. Williams, Ziv Eskandar, Emad The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease |
| title | The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease |
| title_full | The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease |
| title_fullStr | The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease |
| title_short | The effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease |
| title_sort | effects of cues on neurons in the basal ganglia in parkinson s disease |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74998 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-7819 |
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