Development and Application of Earth System Models
The global environment is a complex and dynamic system. Earth system modeling is needed to help understand changes in interacting subsystems, elucidate the influence of human activities, and explore possible future changes. Integrated assessment of environment and human development is arguably the m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76724 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 |
| _version_ | 1811088086348595200 |
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| author | Prinn, Ronald G. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science Prinn, Ronald G. |
| author_sort | Prinn, Ronald G. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The global environment is a complex and dynamic system. Earth system modeling is needed to help understand changes in interacting subsystems, elucidate the influence of human activities, and explore possible future changes. Integrated assessment of environment and human development is arguably the most difficult and most important “systems” problem faced. To illustrate this approach, we present results from the integrated global system model (IGSM), which consists of coupled submodels addressing economic development, atmospheric chemistry, climate dynamics, and ecosystem processes. An uncertainty analysis implies that without mitigation policies, the global average surface temperature may rise between 3.5 °C and 7.4 °C from 1981–2000 to 2091–2100 (90% confidence limits). Polar temperatures, absent policy, are projected to rise from about 6.4 °C to 14 °C (90% confidence limits). Similar analysis of four increasingly stringent climate mitigation policy cases involving stabilization of greenhouse gases at various levels indicates that the greatest effect of these policies is to lower the probability of extreme changes. The IGSM is also used to elucidate potential unintended environmental consequences of renewable energy at large scales. There are significant reasons for attention to climate adaptation in addition to climate mitigation that earth system models can help inform. These models can also be applied to evaluate whether “climate engineering” is a viable option or a dangerous diversion. We must prepare young people to address this issue: The problem of preserving a habitable planet will engage present and future generations. Scientists must improve communication if research is to inform the public and policy makers better. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:56:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/76724 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:56:02Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/767242022-10-01T18:04:00Z Development and Application of Earth System Models Prinn, Ronald G. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Joint Program on the Science & Policy of Global Change Prinn, Ronald G. The global environment is a complex and dynamic system. Earth system modeling is needed to help understand changes in interacting subsystems, elucidate the influence of human activities, and explore possible future changes. Integrated assessment of environment and human development is arguably the most difficult and most important “systems” problem faced. To illustrate this approach, we present results from the integrated global system model (IGSM), which consists of coupled submodels addressing economic development, atmospheric chemistry, climate dynamics, and ecosystem processes. An uncertainty analysis implies that without mitigation policies, the global average surface temperature may rise between 3.5 °C and 7.4 °C from 1981–2000 to 2091–2100 (90% confidence limits). Polar temperatures, absent policy, are projected to rise from about 6.4 °C to 14 °C (90% confidence limits). Similar analysis of four increasingly stringent climate mitigation policy cases involving stabilization of greenhouse gases at various levels indicates that the greatest effect of these policies is to lower the probability of extreme changes. The IGSM is also used to elucidate potential unintended environmental consequences of renewable energy at large scales. There are significant reasons for attention to climate adaptation in addition to climate mitigation that earth system models can help inform. These models can also be applied to evaluate whether “climate engineering” is a viable option or a dangerous diversion. We must prepare young people to address this issue: The problem of preserving a habitable planet will engage present and future generations. Scientists must improve communication if research is to inform the public and policy makers better. United States. Dept. of Energy National Science Foundation (U.S.) 2013-02-04T21:15:53Z 2013-02-04T21:15:53Z 2012-06 2011-10 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1091-6490 0027-8424 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76724 Prinn, R. G. “Fostering Advances in Interdisciplinary Climate Science Sackler Colloquium: Development and Application of Earth System Models.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2012): 1-8. © 2012 National Academy of Sciences. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107470109 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) PNAS |
| spellingShingle | Prinn, Ronald G. Development and Application of Earth System Models |
| title | Development and Application of Earth System Models |
| title_full | Development and Application of Earth System Models |
| title_fullStr | Development and Application of Earth System Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Application of Earth System Models |
| title_short | Development and Application of Earth System Models |
| title_sort | development and application of earth system models |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76724 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT prinnronaldg developmentandapplicationofearthsystemmodels |