Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping
Neuroscience is at a crossroads. Great effort is being invested into deciphering specific neural interactions and circuits. At the same time, there exist few general theories or principles that explain brain function. We attribute this disparity, in part, to limitations in current methodologies. Tra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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American Chemical Society
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79786 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3351 |
| _version_ | 1826215533273415680 |
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| author | Alivisatos, A. Paul Andrews, Anne M. Chun, Miyoung Church, George M. Deisseroth, Karl Donoghue, John P. Fraser, Scott E. Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer Looger, Loren L. Masmanidis, Sotiris C. McEuen, Paul L. Nurmikko, Arto V. Park, Hongkun Peterka, Darcy S. Reid, Clay Roukes, Michael L. Scherer, Axel Schnitzer, Mark Sejnowski, Terrence J. Shepard, Kenneth L. Tsao, Doris Turrigiano, Gina Weiss, Paul S. Xu, Chris Yuste, Rafael Zhuang, Xiaowei Boyden, Edward |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Alivisatos, A. Paul Andrews, Anne M. Chun, Miyoung Church, George M. Deisseroth, Karl Donoghue, John P. Fraser, Scott E. Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer Looger, Loren L. Masmanidis, Sotiris C. McEuen, Paul L. Nurmikko, Arto V. Park, Hongkun Peterka, Darcy S. Reid, Clay Roukes, Michael L. Scherer, Axel Schnitzer, Mark Sejnowski, Terrence J. Shepard, Kenneth L. Tsao, Doris Turrigiano, Gina Weiss, Paul S. Xu, Chris Yuste, Rafael Zhuang, Xiaowei Boyden, Edward |
| author_sort | Alivisatos, A. Paul |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Neuroscience is at a crossroads. Great effort is being invested into deciphering specific neural interactions and circuits. At the same time, there exist few general theories or principles that explain brain function. We attribute this disparity, in part, to limitations in current methodologies. Traditional neurophysiological approaches record the activities of one neuron or a few neurons at a time. Neurochemical approaches focus on single neurotransmitters. Yet, there is an increasing realization that neural circuits operate at emergent levels, where the interactions between hundreds or thousands of neurons, utilizing multiple chemical transmitters, generate functional states. Brains function at the nanoscale, so tools to study brains must ultimately operate at this scale, as well. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are poised to provide a rich toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function by enabling simultaneous measurement and manipulation of activity of thousands or even millions of neurons. We and others refer to this goal as the Brain Activity Mapping Project. In this Nano Focus, we discuss how recent developments in nanoscale analysis tools and in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials have generated optical, electrical, and chemical methods that can readily be adapted for use in neuroscience. These approaches represent exciting areas of technical development and research. Moreover, unique opportunities exist for nanoscientists, nanotechnologists, and other physical scientists and engineers to contribute to tackling the challenging problems involved in understanding the fundamentals of brain function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:33:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/79786 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:33:52Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/797862022-10-02T08:17:17Z Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping Alivisatos, A. Paul Andrews, Anne M. Chun, Miyoung Church, George M. Deisseroth, Karl Donoghue, John P. Fraser, Scott E. Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer Looger, Loren L. Masmanidis, Sotiris C. McEuen, Paul L. Nurmikko, Arto V. Park, Hongkun Peterka, Darcy S. Reid, Clay Roukes, Michael L. Scherer, Axel Schnitzer, Mark Sejnowski, Terrence J. Shepard, Kenneth L. Tsao, Doris Turrigiano, Gina Weiss, Paul S. Xu, Chris Yuste, Rafael Zhuang, Xiaowei Boyden, Edward Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Program in Media Arts and Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Boyden, Edward Stuart Neuroscience is at a crossroads. Great effort is being invested into deciphering specific neural interactions and circuits. At the same time, there exist few general theories or principles that explain brain function. We attribute this disparity, in part, to limitations in current methodologies. Traditional neurophysiological approaches record the activities of one neuron or a few neurons at a time. Neurochemical approaches focus on single neurotransmitters. Yet, there is an increasing realization that neural circuits operate at emergent levels, where the interactions between hundreds or thousands of neurons, utilizing multiple chemical transmitters, generate functional states. Brains function at the nanoscale, so tools to study brains must ultimately operate at this scale, as well. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are poised to provide a rich toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function by enabling simultaneous measurement and manipulation of activity of thousands or even millions of neurons. We and others refer to this goal as the Brain Activity Mapping Project. In this Nano Focus, we discuss how recent developments in nanoscale analysis tools and in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials have generated optical, electrical, and chemical methods that can readily be adapted for use in neuroscience. These approaches represent exciting areas of technical development and research. Moreover, unique opportunities exist for nanoscientists, nanotechnologists, and other physical scientists and engineers to contribute to tackling the challenging problems involved in understanding the fundamentals of brain function. 2013-08-05T18:00:44Z 2013-08-05T18:00:44Z 2013-03 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1936-0851 1936-086X http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79786 Alivisatos, A. Paul, Anne M. Andrews, Edward S. Boyden, Miyoung Chun, George M. Church, Karl Deisseroth, John P. Donoghue, et al. Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping. ACS Nano 7, no. 3 (March 26, 2013): 1850-1866. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3351 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn4012847 ACS Nano Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf American Chemical Society PMC |
| spellingShingle | Alivisatos, A. Paul Andrews, Anne M. Chun, Miyoung Church, George M. Deisseroth, Karl Donoghue, John P. Fraser, Scott E. Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer Looger, Loren L. Masmanidis, Sotiris C. McEuen, Paul L. Nurmikko, Arto V. Park, Hongkun Peterka, Darcy S. Reid, Clay Roukes, Michael L. Scherer, Axel Schnitzer, Mark Sejnowski, Terrence J. Shepard, Kenneth L. Tsao, Doris Turrigiano, Gina Weiss, Paul S. Xu, Chris Yuste, Rafael Zhuang, Xiaowei Boyden, Edward Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping |
| title | Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping |
| title_full | Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping |
| title_fullStr | Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping |
| title_short | Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping |
| title_sort | nanotools for neuroscience and brain activity mapping |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79786 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0419-3351 |
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