Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia
Reading requires the extraction of letter shapes from a complex background of text, and an impairment in visual shape extraction would cause difficulty in reading. To investigate the neural mechanisms of visual shape extraction in dyslexia, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to exa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Public Library of Science
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80737 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4791 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-3009 |
| _version_ | 1811082660206870528 |
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| author | Zhang, Ying Gabrieli, John D. E. Gabrieli, Susan Christodoulou, Joanna |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Zhang, Ying Gabrieli, John D. E. Gabrieli, Susan Christodoulou, Joanna |
| author_sort | Zhang, Ying |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Reading requires the extraction of letter shapes from a complex background of text, and an impairment in visual shape extraction would cause difficulty in reading. To investigate the neural mechanisms of visual shape extraction in dyslexia, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain activation while adults with or without dyslexia responded to the change of an arrow’s direction in a complex, relative to a simple, visual background. In comparison to adults with typical reading ability, adults with dyslexia exhibited opposite patterns of atypical activation: decreased activation in occipital visual areas associated with visual perception, and increased activation in frontal and parietal regions associated with visual attention. These findings indicate that dyslexia involves atypical brain organization for fundamental processes of visual shape extraction even when reading is not involved. Overengagement in higher-order association cortices, required to compensate for underengagment in lower-order visual cortices, may result in competition for top-down attentional resources helpful for fluent reading. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:06:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/80737 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:06:55Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/807372022-10-01T08:15:43Z Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia Zhang, Ying Gabrieli, John D. E. Gabrieli, Susan Christodoulou, Joanna Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Zhang, Ying Gabrieli, Susan Christodoulou, Joanna Gabrieli, John D. E. Reading requires the extraction of letter shapes from a complex background of text, and an impairment in visual shape extraction would cause difficulty in reading. To investigate the neural mechanisms of visual shape extraction in dyslexia, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain activation while adults with or without dyslexia responded to the change of an arrow’s direction in a complex, relative to a simple, visual background. In comparison to adults with typical reading ability, adults with dyslexia exhibited opposite patterns of atypical activation: decreased activation in occipital visual areas associated with visual perception, and increased activation in frontal and parietal regions associated with visual attention. These findings indicate that dyslexia involves atypical brain organization for fundamental processes of visual shape extraction even when reading is not involved. Overengagement in higher-order association cortices, required to compensate for underengagment in lower-order visual cortices, may result in competition for top-down attentional resources helpful for fluent reading. Ellison Medical Foundation Martin Richmond Memorial Fund National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (Grant UL1RR025758) National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (Grant F32EY014750-01) MIT Class of 1976 (Funds for Dyslexia Research) 2013-09-16T14:31:50Z 2013-09-16T14:31:50Z 2013-06 2012-07 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80737 Zhang, Ying, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Joanna A. Christodoulou, and John D. E. Gabrieli. “Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia.” Edited by Markus Lappe. PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 25, 2013): e67331. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4791 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-3009 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067331 PLoS ONE Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ application/pdf Public Library of Science PLoS |
| spellingShingle | Zhang, Ying Gabrieli, John D. E. Gabrieli, Susan Christodoulou, Joanna Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia |
| title | Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia |
| title_full | Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia |
| title_fullStr | Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia |
| title_short | Atypical Balance between Occipital and Fronto-Parietal Activation for Visual Shape Extraction in Dyslexia |
| title_sort | atypical balance between occipital and fronto parietal activation for visual shape extraction in dyslexia |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80737 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4791 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-3009 |
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