Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids
Mineralo-organic nanoparticles form spontaneously in human body fluids when the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions exceed saturation. We have shown previously that these mineralo-organic nanoparticles possess biomimetic properties and can reproduce the whole phenomenology of the so-called...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Public Library of Science
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83866 |
| _version_ | 1826193265084334080 |
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| author | Wu, Cheng-Yeu Young, Lena Martel, Jan Young, John D. Young, David Y. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Wu, Cheng-Yeu Young, Lena Martel, Jan Young, John D. Young, David Y. |
| author_sort | Wu, Cheng-Yeu |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Mineralo-organic nanoparticles form spontaneously in human body fluids when the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions exceed saturation. We have shown previously that these mineralo-organic nanoparticles possess biomimetic properties and can reproduce the whole phenomenology of the so-called nanobacteria—mineralized entities initially described as the smallest microorganisms on earth. Here, we examine the possibility that various charged elements and ions may form mineral nanoparticles with similar properties in biological fluids. Remarkably, all the elements tested, including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, strontium, and barium form mineralo-organic particles with bacteria-like morphologies and other complex shapes following precipitation with phosphate in body fluids. Upon formation, these mineralo-organic particles, which we term bions, invariably accumulate carbonate apatite during incubation in biological fluids; yet, the particles also incorporate additional elements and thus reflect the ionic milieu in which they form. Bions initially harbor an amorphous mineral phase that gradually converts to crystals in culture. Our results show that serum produces a dual inhibition-seeding effect on bion formation. Using a comprehensive proteomic analysis, we identify a wide range of proteins that bind to these mineral particles during incubation in medium containing serum. The two main binding proteins identified, albumin and fetuin-A, act as both inhibitors and seeders of bions in culture. Notably, bions possess several biomimetic properties, including the possibility to increase in size and number and to be sub-cultured in fresh culture medium. Based on these results, we propose that bions represent biological, mineralo-organic particles that may form in the body under both physiological and pathological homeostasis conditions. These mineralo-organic particles may be part of a physiological cycle that regulates the function, transport and disposal of elements and minerals in the human body. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:36:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/83866 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:36:16Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/838662022-09-26T12:34:44Z Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids Wu, Cheng-Yeu Young, Lena Martel, Jan Young, John D. Young, David Y. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Young, David Y. Mineralo-organic nanoparticles form spontaneously in human body fluids when the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions exceed saturation. We have shown previously that these mineralo-organic nanoparticles possess biomimetic properties and can reproduce the whole phenomenology of the so-called nanobacteria—mineralized entities initially described as the smallest microorganisms on earth. Here, we examine the possibility that various charged elements and ions may form mineral nanoparticles with similar properties in biological fluids. Remarkably, all the elements tested, including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, strontium, and barium form mineralo-organic particles with bacteria-like morphologies and other complex shapes following precipitation with phosphate in body fluids. Upon formation, these mineralo-organic particles, which we term bions, invariably accumulate carbonate apatite during incubation in biological fluids; yet, the particles also incorporate additional elements and thus reflect the ionic milieu in which they form. Bions initially harbor an amorphous mineral phase that gradually converts to crystals in culture. Our results show that serum produces a dual inhibition-seeding effect on bion formation. Using a comprehensive proteomic analysis, we identify a wide range of proteins that bind to these mineral particles during incubation in medium containing serum. The two main binding proteins identified, albumin and fetuin-A, act as both inhibitors and seeders of bions in culture. Notably, bions possess several biomimetic properties, including the possibility to increase in size and number and to be sub-cultured in fresh culture medium. Based on these results, we propose that bions represent biological, mineralo-organic particles that may form in the body under both physiological and pathological homeostasis conditions. These mineralo-organic particles may be part of a physiological cycle that regulates the function, transport and disposal of elements and minerals in the human body. 2014-01-10T19:31:30Z 2014-01-10T19:31:30Z 2013-09 2013-06 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83866 Wu, Cheng-Yeu, Lena Young, David Young, Jan Martel, and John D. Young. “Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids.” Edited by Wei-Chun Chin. PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 25, 2013): e75501. en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075501 PLoS ONE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ application/pdf Public Library of Science PLoS |
| spellingShingle | Wu, Cheng-Yeu Young, Lena Martel, Jan Young, John D. Young, David Y. Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids |
| title | Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids |
| title_full | Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids |
| title_fullStr | Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids |
| title_short | Bions: A Family of Biomimetic Mineralo-Organic Complexes Derived from Biological Fluids |
| title_sort | bions a family of biomimetic mineralo organic complexes derived from biological fluids |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83866 |
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