Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion
N[subscript 2]O surface fluxes were estimated for 1999 to 2009 using a time-dependent Bayesian inversion technique. Observations were drawn from 5 different networks, incorporating 59 surface sites and a number of ship-based measurement series. To avoid biases in the inverted fluxes, the data were a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Copernicus GmbH
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87566 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 |
| _version_ | 1811092091315421184 |
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| author | Thompson, R. L. Chevallier, F. Crotwell, A. M. Dutton, G. S. Langenfelds, R. L. Weiss, R. F. Tohjima, Y. Nakazawa, T. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. O'Doherty, Simon Ishijima, K. Aoki, S. Prinn, Ronald G. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science Thompson, R. L. Chevallier, F. Crotwell, A. M. Dutton, G. S. Langenfelds, R. L. Weiss, R. F. Tohjima, Y. Nakazawa, T. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. O'Doherty, Simon Ishijima, K. Aoki, S. Prinn, Ronald G. |
| author_sort | Thompson, R. L. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | N[subscript 2]O surface fluxes were estimated for 1999 to 2009 using a time-dependent Bayesian inversion technique. Observations were drawn from 5 different networks, incorporating 59 surface sites and a number of ship-based measurement series. To avoid biases in the inverted fluxes, the data were adjusted to a common scale and scale offsets were included in the optimization problem. The fluxes were calculated at the same resolution as the transport model (3.75° longitude × 2.5° latitude) and at monthly time resolution. Over the 11-year period, the global total N[subscript 2]O source varied from 17.5 to 20.1 Tg a[superscript −1] N. Tropical and subtropical land regions were found to consistently have the highest N[subscript 2]O emissions, in particular in South Asia (20 ± 3% of global total), South America (13 ± 4%) and Africa (19 ± 3%), while emissions from temperate regions were smaller: Europe (6 ± 1%) and North America (7 ± 2%). A significant multi-annual trend in N[subscript 2]O emissions (0.045 Tg a[superscript −2] N) from South Asia was found and confirms inventory estimates of this trend. Considerable interannual variability in the global N[subscript 2]O source was observed (0.8 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 standard deviation, SD) and was largely driven by variability in tropical and subtropical soil fluxes, in particular in South America (0.3 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD) and Africa (0.3 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD). Notable variability was also found for N[subscript 2]O fluxes in the tropical and southern oceans (0.15 and 0.2 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD, respectively). Interannual variability in the N[subscript 2]O source shows some correlation with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where El Niño conditions are associated with lower N[subscript 2]O fluxes from soils and from the ocean and vice versa for La Niña conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:12:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/87566 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T15:12:51Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
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| spelling | mit-1721.1/875662022-10-02T01:23:35Z Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion Thompson, R. L. Chevallier, F. Crotwell, A. M. Dutton, G. S. Langenfelds, R. L. Weiss, R. F. Tohjima, Y. Nakazawa, T. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. O'Doherty, Simon Ishijima, K. Aoki, S. Prinn, Ronald G. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science Prinn, Ronald G. N[subscript 2]O surface fluxes were estimated for 1999 to 2009 using a time-dependent Bayesian inversion technique. Observations were drawn from 5 different networks, incorporating 59 surface sites and a number of ship-based measurement series. To avoid biases in the inverted fluxes, the data were adjusted to a common scale and scale offsets were included in the optimization problem. The fluxes were calculated at the same resolution as the transport model (3.75° longitude × 2.5° latitude) and at monthly time resolution. Over the 11-year period, the global total N[subscript 2]O source varied from 17.5 to 20.1 Tg a[superscript −1] N. Tropical and subtropical land regions were found to consistently have the highest N[subscript 2]O emissions, in particular in South Asia (20 ± 3% of global total), South America (13 ± 4%) and Africa (19 ± 3%), while emissions from temperate regions were smaller: Europe (6 ± 1%) and North America (7 ± 2%). A significant multi-annual trend in N[subscript 2]O emissions (0.045 Tg a[superscript −2] N) from South Asia was found and confirms inventory estimates of this trend. Considerable interannual variability in the global N[subscript 2]O source was observed (0.8 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 standard deviation, SD) and was largely driven by variability in tropical and subtropical soil fluxes, in particular in South America (0.3 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD) and Africa (0.3 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD). Notable variability was also found for N[subscript 2]O fluxes in the tropical and southern oceans (0.15 and 0.2 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD, respectively). Interannual variability in the N[subscript 2]O source shows some correlation with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where El Niño conditions are associated with lower N[subscript 2]O fluxes from soils and from the ocean and vice versa for La Niña conditions. 2014-05-29T15:36:00Z 2014-05-29T15:36:00Z 2014-02 2014-01 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1680-7324 1680-7316 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87566 Thompson, R. L., F. Chevallier, A. M. Crotwell, G. Dutton, R. L. Langenfelds, R. G. Prinn, R. F. Weiss, et al. “Nitrous Oxide Emissions 1999 to 2009 from a Global Atmospheric Inversion.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2014): 1801–1817. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1801-2014 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ application/pdf Copernicus GmbH Copernicus Publications |
| spellingShingle | Thompson, R. L. Chevallier, F. Crotwell, A. M. Dutton, G. S. Langenfelds, R. L. Weiss, R. F. Tohjima, Y. Nakazawa, T. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. O'Doherty, Simon Ishijima, K. Aoki, S. Prinn, Ronald G. Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| title | Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| title_full | Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| title_fullStr | Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| title_short | Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| title_sort | nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87566 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 |
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