Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O
We present a comprehensive estimate of nitrous oxide (N[subscript 2]O) emissions using observations and models from 1995 to 2008. High-frequency records of tropospheric N[subscript 2]O are available from measurements at Cape Grim, Tasmania; Cape Matatula, American Samoa; Ragged Point, Barbados; Mace...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Copernicus GmbH
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88012 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8945 |
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| author | Dlugokencky, E. Ishijima, K. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Langenfelds, R. L. Tohjima, Y. Machida, Toshinobu Manizza, Manfredi Rigby, M. O'Doherty, Simon Patra, P. K. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. van der Schoot, M. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. Elkins, J. W. Saikawa, Eri Prinn, Ronald G. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science Dlugokencky, E. Ishijima, K. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Langenfelds, R. L. Tohjima, Y. Machida, Toshinobu Manizza, Manfredi Rigby, M. O'Doherty, Simon Patra, P. K. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. van der Schoot, M. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. Elkins, J. W. Saikawa, Eri Prinn, Ronald G. |
| author_sort | Dlugokencky, E. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | We present a comprehensive estimate of nitrous oxide (N[subscript 2]O) emissions using observations and models from 1995 to 2008. High-frequency records of tropospheric N[subscript 2]O are available from measurements at Cape Grim, Tasmania; Cape Matatula, American Samoa; Ragged Point, Barbados; Mace Head, Ireland; and at Trinidad Head, California using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. The Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected discrete air samples in flasks and in situ measurements from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of species including N[subscript 2]O. In addition to these major networks, we include in situ and aircraft measurements from the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES) and flask measurements from the Tohoku University and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) networks. All measurements show increasing atmospheric mole fractions of N[subscript 2]O, with a varying growth rate of 0.1–0.7% per year, resulting in a 7.4% increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction between 1979 and 2011. Using existing emission inventories as well as bottom-up process modeling results, we first create globally gridded a priori N[subscript 2]O emissions over the 37 years since 1975. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions for five source sectors from 13 regions in the world. This is the first time that all of these measurements from multiple networks have been combined to determine emissions. Our inversion indicates that global and regional N[subscript 2]O emissions have an increasing trend between 1995 and 2008. Despite large uncertainties, a significant increase is seen from the Asian agricultural sector in recent years, most likely due to an increase in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, as has been suggested by previous studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:26:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/88012 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T13:26:51Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Copernicus GmbH |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/880122022-09-28T14:19:08Z Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O Dlugokencky, E. Ishijima, K. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Langenfelds, R. L. Tohjima, Y. Machida, Toshinobu Manizza, Manfredi Rigby, M. O'Doherty, Simon Patra, P. K. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. van der Schoot, M. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. Elkins, J. W. Saikawa, Eri Prinn, Ronald G. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Global Change Science Saikawa, Eri Prinn, Ronald G. We present a comprehensive estimate of nitrous oxide (N[subscript 2]O) emissions using observations and models from 1995 to 2008. High-frequency records of tropospheric N[subscript 2]O are available from measurements at Cape Grim, Tasmania; Cape Matatula, American Samoa; Ragged Point, Barbados; Mace Head, Ireland; and at Trinidad Head, California using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. The Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected discrete air samples in flasks and in situ measurements from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of species including N[subscript 2]O. In addition to these major networks, we include in situ and aircraft measurements from the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES) and flask measurements from the Tohoku University and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) networks. All measurements show increasing atmospheric mole fractions of N[subscript 2]O, with a varying growth rate of 0.1–0.7% per year, resulting in a 7.4% increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction between 1979 and 2011. Using existing emission inventories as well as bottom-up process modeling results, we first create globally gridded a priori N[subscript 2]O emissions over the 37 years since 1975. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions for five source sectors from 13 regions in the world. This is the first time that all of these measurements from multiple networks have been combined to determine emissions. Our inversion indicates that global and regional N[subscript 2]O emissions have an increasing trend between 1995 and 2008. Despite large uncertainties, a significant increase is seen from the Asian agricultural sector in recent years, most likely due to an increase in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, as has been suggested by previous studies. NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program (Grant NNX11AF17G) NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program (Grant NNX07AF09G) NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program (Grant NNX07AE87G) United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Contract RA133R09CN0062) 2014-06-16T19:45:47Z 2014-06-16T19:45:47Z 2014-05 2014-02 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1680-7324 1680-7316 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88012 Saikawa, E., R. G. Prinn, E. Dlugokencky, K. Ishijima, G. S. Dutton, B. D. Hall, R. Langenfelds, et al. “Global and Regional Emissions Estimates for N2O.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 9 (May 13, 2014): 4617–4641. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8945 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4617-2014 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ application/pdf Copernicus GmbH Copernicus Publications |
| spellingShingle | Dlugokencky, E. Ishijima, K. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Langenfelds, R. L. Tohjima, Y. Machida, Toshinobu Manizza, Manfredi Rigby, M. O'Doherty, Simon Patra, P. K. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. van der Schoot, M. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. Elkins, J. W. Saikawa, Eri Prinn, Ronald G. Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O |
| title | Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O |
| title_full | Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O |
| title_fullStr | Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O |
| title_short | Global and regional emissions estimates for N[subscript 2]O |
| title_sort | global and regional emissions estimates for n subscript 2 o |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88012 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-3801 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-8945 |
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