Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion
We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as interna...
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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American Physical Society
2014
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| Acceso en liña: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88611 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-3645 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1112-5912 |
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| author | Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Jaffe, Robert L. Kardar, Mehran |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Jaffe, Robert L. Kardar, Mehran |
| author_sort | Maghrebi, Mohammad F. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internal heat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy and angular momentum as trace formulas involving the object's scattering matrix. We also compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiated photons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropy generation is quantified and the total entropy is shown to be always increasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the stochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating backreaction frictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty of the object's angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in some detail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallel to its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced to simplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities and then a detailed discussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:25:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/88611 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T09:25:14Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/886112022-09-30T14:23:21Z Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Jaffe, Robert L. Kardar, Mehran Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Jaffe, Robert L. Kardar, Mehran We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internal heat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy and angular momentum as trace formulas involving the object's scattering matrix. We also compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiated photons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropy generation is quantified and the total entropy is shown to be always increasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the stochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating backreaction frictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty of the object's angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in some detail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallel to its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced to simplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities and then a detailed discussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented. United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Research Agreement DF-FC02-94ER40818) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DMR-12-06323) 2014-08-08T14:43:17Z 2014-08-08T14:43:17Z 2014-07 2014-01 2014-07-23T20:46:56Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1050-2947 1094-1622 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88611 Maghrebi, Mohammad F., Robert L. Jaffe, and Mehran Kardar. “Nonequilibrium Quantum Fluctuations of a Dispersive Medium: Spontaneous Emission, Photon Statistics, Entropy Generation, and Stochastic Motion.” Phys. Rev. A 90, no. 1 (July 2014). © 2014 American Physical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-3645 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1112-5912 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.012515 Physical Review A Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Physical Society application/pdf American Physical Society American Physical Society |
| spellingShingle | Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Jaffe, Robert L. Kardar, Mehran Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion |
| title | Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion |
| title_full | Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion |
| title_fullStr | Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion |
| title_short | Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion |
| title_sort | nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium spontaneous emission photon statistics entropy generation and stochastic motion |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88611 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-3645 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1112-5912 |
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