The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
The relationship between drug resistance, changes in signaling, and emergence of an invasive phenotype is well appreciated, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using machine learning analysis applied to the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database, we identified expression of AXL, t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88954 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-4554 |
| _version_ | 1826196220342697984 |
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| author | Meyer, Aaron Samuel Miller, Miles Aaron Gertler, Frank Lauffenburger, Douglas A |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Meyer, Aaron Samuel Miller, Miles Aaron Gertler, Frank Lauffenburger, Douglas A |
| author_sort | Meyer, Aaron Samuel |
| collection | MIT |
| description | The relationship between drug resistance, changes in signaling, and emergence of an invasive phenotype is well appreciated, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using machine learning analysis applied to the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database, we identified expression of AXL, the gene that encodes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–associated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) AXL, as exceptionally predictive of lack of response to ErbB family receptor–targeted inhibitors. Activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) transactivated AXL, and this ligand-independent AXL activity diversified EGFR-induced signaling into additional downstream pathways beyond those triggered by EGFR alone. AXL-mediated signaling diversification was required for EGF (epidermal growth factor)–elicited motility responses in AXL-positive TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) cells. Using cross-linking coimmunoprecipitation assays, we determined that AXL associated with EGFR, other ErbB receptor family members, MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) but not IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) or INSR (insulin receptor). From these AXL interaction data, we predicted AXL-mediated signaling synergy for additional RTKs and validated these predictions in cells. This alternative mechanism of receptor activation limits the use of ligand-blocking therapies and indicates against therapy withdrawal after acquired resistance. Further, subadditive interaction between EGFR- and AXL-targeted inhibitors across all AXL-positive TNBC cell lines may indicate that increased abundance of EGFR is principally a means to transactivation-mediated signaling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:23:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/88954 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:23:25Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
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| spelling | mit-1721.1/889542022-09-30T20:46:15Z The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Meyer, Aaron Samuel Miller, Miles Aaron Gertler, Frank Lauffenburger, Douglas A Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT Meyer, Aaron Samuel Miller, Miles Aaron Gertler, Frank Lauffenburger, Douglas A. The relationship between drug resistance, changes in signaling, and emergence of an invasive phenotype is well appreciated, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using machine learning analysis applied to the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database, we identified expression of AXL, the gene that encodes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–associated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) AXL, as exceptionally predictive of lack of response to ErbB family receptor–targeted inhibitors. Activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) transactivated AXL, and this ligand-independent AXL activity diversified EGFR-induced signaling into additional downstream pathways beyond those triggered by EGFR alone. AXL-mediated signaling diversification was required for EGF (epidermal growth factor)–elicited motility responses in AXL-positive TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) cells. Using cross-linking coimmunoprecipitation assays, we determined that AXL associated with EGFR, other ErbB receptor family members, MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) but not IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) or INSR (insulin receptor). From these AXL interaction data, we predicted AXL-mediated signaling synergy for additional RTKs and validated these predictions in cells. This alternative mechanism of receptor activation limits the use of ligand-blocking therapies and indicates against therapy withdrawal after acquired resistance. Further, subadditive interaction between EGFR- and AXL-targeted inhibitors across all AXL-positive TNBC cell lines may indicate that increased abundance of EGFR is principally a means to transactivation-mediated signaling. United States. Dept. of Defense (Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, Breast Cancer Research Program (W81XWH-11-1-0088)) National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Graduate Research Fellowship) Repligen Corporation (Fellowship in Cancer Research) National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Integrative Cancer Biology Program (1-U54-CA112967) David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT (Frontier Research Program Initiator Award) National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R01-CA96504) 2014-08-21T16:43:38Z 2014-08-21T16:43:38Z 2013-08 2013-03 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1945-0877 1937-9145 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88954 Meyer, A. S., M. A. Miller, F. B. Gertler, and D. A. Lauffenburger. “The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.” Science Signaling 6, no. 287 (August 6, 2013): ra66–ra66. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-4554 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2004155 Science Signaling Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ application/pdf American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) PMC |
| spellingShingle | Meyer, Aaron Samuel Miller, Miles Aaron Gertler, Frank Lauffenburger, Douglas A The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| title | The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| title_full | The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| title_short | The Receptor AXL Diversifies EGFR Signaling and Limits the Response to EGFR-Targeted Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | receptor axl diversifies egfr signaling and limits the response to egfr targeted inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer cells |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88954 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-4554 |
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