Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation
Quantum data locking is a uniquely quantum phenomenon that allows a relatively short key of constant size to (un)lock an arbitrarily long message encoded in a quantum state, in such a way that an eavesdropper who measures the state but does not know the key has essentially no information about the m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Physical Society
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89195 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-4009 |
| _version_ | 1826202103766319104 |
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| author | Lupo, Cosmo Wilde, Mark M. Lloyd, Seth |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Lupo, Cosmo Wilde, Mark M. Lloyd, Seth |
| author_sort | Lupo, Cosmo |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Quantum data locking is a uniquely quantum phenomenon that allows a relatively short key of constant size to (un)lock an arbitrarily long message encoded in a quantum state, in such a way that an eavesdropper who measures the state but does not know the key has essentially no information about the message. The application of quantum data locking in cryptography would allow one to overcome the limitations of the one-time pad encryption, which requires the key to have the same length as the message. However, it is known that the strength of quantum data locking is also its Achilles heel, as the leakage of a few bits of the key or the message may in principle allow the eavesdropper to unlock a disproportionate amount of information. In this paper we show that there exist quantum data locking schemes that can be made robust against information leakage by increasing the length of the key by a proportionate amount. This implies that a constant size key can still lock an arbitrarily long message as long as a fraction of it remains secret to the eavesdropper. Moreover, we greatly simplify the structure of the protocol by proving that phase modulation suffices to generate strong locking schemes, paving the way to optical experimental realizations. Also, we show that successful data locking protocols can be constructed using random code words, which very well could be helpful in discovering random codes for data locking over noisy quantum channels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:01:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/89195 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T12:01:55Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/891952022-10-01T07:43:14Z Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation Lupo, Cosmo Wilde, Mark M. Lloyd, Seth Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics Lupo, Cosmo Lloyd, Seth Quantum data locking is a uniquely quantum phenomenon that allows a relatively short key of constant size to (un)lock an arbitrarily long message encoded in a quantum state, in such a way that an eavesdropper who measures the state but does not know the key has essentially no information about the message. The application of quantum data locking in cryptography would allow one to overcome the limitations of the one-time pad encryption, which requires the key to have the same length as the message. However, it is known that the strength of quantum data locking is also its Achilles heel, as the leakage of a few bits of the key or the message may in principle allow the eavesdropper to unlock a disproportionate amount of information. In this paper we show that there exist quantum data locking schemes that can be made robust against information leakage by increasing the length of the key by a proportionate amount. This implies that a constant size key can still lock an arbitrarily long message as long as a fraction of it remains secret to the eavesdropper. Moreover, we greatly simplify the structure of the protocol by proving that phase modulation suffices to generate strong locking schemes, paving the way to optical experimental realizations. Also, we show that successful data locking protocols can be constructed using random code words, which very well could be helpful in discovering random codes for data locking over noisy quantum channels. United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Quiness Program (United States. Army Research Office. Award W31P4Q-12-1-0019) 2014-09-05T13:42:28Z 2014-09-05T13:42:28Z 2014-08 2014-04 2014-08-28T18:49:21Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1050-2947 1094-1622 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89195 Lupo, Cosmo, Mark M. Wilde, and Seth Lloyd. “Robust Quantum Data Locking from Phase Modulation.” Phys. Rev. A 90, no. 2 (August 2014). © 2014 American Physical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-4009 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.022326 Physical Review A Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Physical Society application/pdf American Physical Society American Physical Society |
| spellingShingle | Lupo, Cosmo Wilde, Mark M. Lloyd, Seth Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| title | Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| title_full | Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| title_fullStr | Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| title_short | Robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| title_sort | robust quantum data locking from phase modulation |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89195 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-4009 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lupocosmo robustquantumdatalockingfromphasemodulation AT wildemarkm robustquantumdatalockingfromphasemodulation AT lloydseth robustquantumdatalockingfromphasemodulation |