Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia
Although the neural systems supporting single word reading are well studied, there are limited direct comparisons between typical and dyslexic readers of the neural correlates of reading fluency. Reading fluency deficits are a persistent behavioral marker of dyslexia into adulthood. The current stud...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Public Library of Science
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89231 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-6729 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4791 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 |
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| author | Christodoulou, Joanna Del Tufo, Stephanie N. Lymberis, John Saxler, Patricia K. Ghosh, Satrajit S. Triantafyllou, Christina Gabrieli, Susan Gabrieli, John D. E. |
| author2 | Martinos Imaging Center (McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT) |
| author_facet | Martinos Imaging Center (McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT) Christodoulou, Joanna Del Tufo, Stephanie N. Lymberis, John Saxler, Patricia K. Ghosh, Satrajit S. Triantafyllou, Christina Gabrieli, Susan Gabrieli, John D. E. |
| author_sort | Christodoulou, Joanna |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Although the neural systems supporting single word reading are well studied, there are limited direct comparisons between typical and dyslexic readers of the neural correlates of reading fluency. Reading fluency deficits are a persistent behavioral marker of dyslexia into adulthood. The current study identified the neural correlates of fluent reading in typical and dyslexic adult readers, using sentences presented in a word-by-word format in which single words were presented sequentially at fixed rates. Sentences were presented at slow, medium, and fast rates, and participants were asked to decide whether each sentence did or did not make sense semantically. As presentation rates increased, participants became less accurate and slower at making judgments, with comprehension accuracy decreasing disproportionately for dyslexic readers. In-scanner performance on the sentence task correlated significantly with standardized clinical measures of both reading fluency and phonological awareness. Both typical readers and readers with dyslexia exhibited widespread, bilateral increases in activation that corresponded to increases in presentation rate. Typical readers exhibited significantly larger gains in activation as a function of faster presentation rates than readers with dyslexia in several areas, including left prefrontal and left superior temporal regions associated with semantic retrieval and semantic and phonological representations. Group differences were more extensive when behavioral differences between conditions were equated across groups. These findings suggest a brain basis for impaired reading fluency in dyslexia, specifically a failure of brain regions involved in semantic retrieval and semantic and phonological representations to become fully engaged for comprehension at rapid reading rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:10:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/89231 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:10:43Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/892312022-10-02T06:51:08Z Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia Christodoulou, Joanna Del Tufo, Stephanie N. Lymberis, John Saxler, Patricia K. Ghosh, Satrajit S. Triantafyllou, Christina Gabrieli, Susan Gabrieli, John D. E. Martinos Imaging Center (McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT Christodoulou, Joanna Del Tufo, Stephanie N. Lymberis, John Saxler, Patricia K. Ghosh, Satrajit S. Triantafyllou, Christina Gabrieli, Susan Gabrieli, John D. E. Although the neural systems supporting single word reading are well studied, there are limited direct comparisons between typical and dyslexic readers of the neural correlates of reading fluency. Reading fluency deficits are a persistent behavioral marker of dyslexia into adulthood. The current study identified the neural correlates of fluent reading in typical and dyslexic adult readers, using sentences presented in a word-by-word format in which single words were presented sequentially at fixed rates. Sentences were presented at slow, medium, and fast rates, and participants were asked to decide whether each sentence did or did not make sense semantically. As presentation rates increased, participants became less accurate and slower at making judgments, with comprehension accuracy decreasing disproportionately for dyslexic readers. In-scanner performance on the sentence task correlated significantly with standardized clinical measures of both reading fluency and phonological awareness. Both typical readers and readers with dyslexia exhibited widespread, bilateral increases in activation that corresponded to increases in presentation rate. Typical readers exhibited significantly larger gains in activation as a function of faster presentation rates than readers with dyslexia in several areas, including left prefrontal and left superior temporal regions associated with semantic retrieval and semantic and phonological representations. Group differences were more extensive when behavioral differences between conditions were equated across groups. These findings suggest a brain basis for impaired reading fluency in dyslexia, specifically a failure of brain regions involved in semantic retrieval and semantic and phonological representations to become fully engaged for comprehension at rapid reading rates. Ellison Medical Foundation Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT Class of 1976 Funds for Dyslexia Research) Martin Richmond Memorial Fund National Center for Research Resources (U.S.) (Grant Number UL1 RR025758) Harvard Catalyst. Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center 2014-09-09T15:46:03Z 2014-09-09T15:46:03Z 2014-07 2013-09 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89231 Christodoulou, Joanna A., Stephanie N. Del Tufo, John Lymberis, Patricia K. Saxler, Satrajit S. Ghosh, Christina Triantafyllou, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, and John D. E. Gabrieli. “Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia.” Edited by Lawrence M. Ward. PLoS ONE 9, no. 7 (July 24, 2014): e100552. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-6729 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4791 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100552 PLoS ONE Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf Public Library of Science Public Library of Science |
| spellingShingle | Christodoulou, Joanna Del Tufo, Stephanie N. Lymberis, John Saxler, Patricia K. Ghosh, Satrajit S. Triantafyllou, Christina Gabrieli, Susan Gabrieli, John D. E. Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia |
| title | Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia |
| title_full | Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia |
| title_fullStr | Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia |
| title_short | Brain Bases of Reading Fluency in Typical Reading and Impaired Fluency in Dyslexia |
| title_sort | brain bases of reading fluency in typical reading and impaired fluency in dyslexia |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89231 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-6729 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4791 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692 |
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