Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt
"Date published: June 1978. --Reissued: October 1979."
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Technical Report |
| Published: |
Washington, D.C. : Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Probabilistic Analysis Staff, [1979]
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90336 |
| _version_ | 1826199076047159296 |
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| author | Aldrich, David C. McGrath Peter E. Rasmussen Norman C. |
| author2 | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Probabilistic Analysis Staff |
| author_facet | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Probabilistic Analysis Staff Aldrich, David C. McGrath Peter E. Rasmussen Norman C. |
| author_sort | Aldrich, David C. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | "Date published: June 1978. --Reissued: October 1979." |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:14:20Z |
| format | Technical Report |
| id | mit-1721.1/90336 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:14:20Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Washington, D.C. : Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Probabilistic Analysis Staff, [1979] |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/903362019-04-12T07:36:10Z Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt Aldrich, David C. McGrath Peter E. Rasmussen Norman C. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Probabilistic Analysis Staff Sandia Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Engineering TK9008.M41 N96 no.214 Nuclear reactor accidents Nuclear reactors -- Safety measures Radioactivity -- Safety measures "Date published: June 1978. --Reissued: October 1979." MITNE series handwritten on title-page "SAND78-0454." Originally issued as a Ph. D. thesis by the first author and supervised by the second and third author, MIT, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1978 Originally issued as an Includes bibliographical references Evacuation, sheltering followed by population relocation, and iodine prophylaxis are evaluated as offsite public protective measures in response to nuclear reactor accidents involving core-melt. Evaluations were conducted using a modified version of the Reactor Safety Study consequence model. Models representing each measure were developed and are discussed. Potential PWR core-melt radioactive material releases are separated into two categories, "Melt-through" and "Atmospheric," based upon the mode of containment failure. Protective measures are examined and compared for each category in terms of projected doses to the whole body and thyroid. Measures for "Atmospheric" accidents are also examined in terms of their influence on the occurrence of public health effects. For "Melt-through" accidents, few, if any, early public health effects are likely, and doses in excess of Protective Action Guides (PAGs) are "confined" to areas within 10 miles of the reactor. Evacuation appears to provide the largest reduction in whole body dose for this category. However, sheltering, particularly when basements are readily available, may be an acceptable alternative. Both evacuation and iodine prophylaxis can substantially reduce the dose to the thyroid. For "Atmospheric" accidents, PAGs are likely to be exceeded at very large distances, and significant numbers of early public health effects are possible. However, most early fatalities occur within 10 miles of the reactor. Within 5 miles, evacuation appears to be more effective than sheltering in reducing the number of early health effects. Beyond 5 miles, this distinction is less, or not, apparent. Within 10 miles, early health effects are strongly influenced by the speed and efficiency with which protective measures are implemented. Outside of 10 miles, they are not. The projected total number of thyroid nodules is not substantially reduced unless iodine prophylaxis is administered over very large areas (distances). The qualitative effects of weather conditions on the above conclusions are also briefly discussed. Prepared for Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Probabilistic Staff, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, under Interagency Agreement DOE-40-550-75 NRC FIN no. A1039 2014-09-25T16:10:42Z 2014-09-25T16:10:42Z 1979 Technical Report http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90336 05689962 16730682 SAND78-0454 NUREG/CR ; 1131 MITNE ; no. 214 135 p. application/pdf Washington, D.C. : Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Probabilistic Analysis Staff, [1979] |
| spellingShingle | TK9008.M41 N96 no.214 Nuclear reactor accidents Nuclear reactors -- Safety measures Radioactivity -- Safety measures Aldrich, David C. McGrath Peter E. Rasmussen Norman C. Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| title | Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| title_full | Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| title_fullStr | Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| title_short | Examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| title_sort | examination of offsite radiological emergency protective measures for nuclear reactor accidents involving core melt |
| topic | TK9008.M41 N96 no.214 Nuclear reactor accidents Nuclear reactors -- Safety measures Radioactivity -- Safety measures |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90336 |
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