Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi
Background: Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission acros...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioMed Central Ltd
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90923 |
| _version_ | 1811097166273314816 |
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| author | Jiang, Xiaofang Peery, Ashley Hall, A. B. Sharma, Atashi Chen, Xiao-Guang Komissarov, Aleksey Riehle, Michelle M. Shouche, Yogesh Sharakhova, Maria V. Lawson, Daniel Pakpour, Nazzy Arensburger, Peter Davidson, Victoria L. M. Eiglmeier, Karin Emrich, Scott J. George, Phillip Kennedy, Ryan C. Mane, Shrinivasrao P. Maslen, Gareth Oringanje, Chioma Qi, Yumin Settlage, Robert Tojo, Marta Tubio, Jose M. C. Unger, Maria F. Wang, Bo Vernick, Kenneth D. Ribeiro, Jose M. C. James, Anthony A. Michel, Kristin Riehle, Michael A. Luckhart, Shirley Sharakhov, Igor V. Tu, Zhijian Waterhouse, Robert |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Jiang, Xiaofang Peery, Ashley Hall, A. B. Sharma, Atashi Chen, Xiao-Guang Komissarov, Aleksey Riehle, Michelle M. Shouche, Yogesh Sharakhova, Maria V. Lawson, Daniel Pakpour, Nazzy Arensburger, Peter Davidson, Victoria L. M. Eiglmeier, Karin Emrich, Scott J. George, Phillip Kennedy, Ryan C. Mane, Shrinivasrao P. Maslen, Gareth Oringanje, Chioma Qi, Yumin Settlage, Robert Tojo, Marta Tubio, Jose M. C. Unger, Maria F. Wang, Bo Vernick, Kenneth D. Ribeiro, Jose M. C. James, Anthony A. Michel, Kristin Riehle, Michael A. Luckhart, Shirley Sharakhov, Igor V. Tu, Zhijian Waterhouse, Robert |
| author_sort | Jiang, Xiaofang |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Background:
Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.
Results:
Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.
Conclusions:
The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:55:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/90923 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T16:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | BioMed Central Ltd |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/909232022-09-29T22:26:23Z Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Jiang, Xiaofang Peery, Ashley Hall, A. B. Sharma, Atashi Chen, Xiao-Guang Komissarov, Aleksey Riehle, Michelle M. Shouche, Yogesh Sharakhova, Maria V. Lawson, Daniel Pakpour, Nazzy Arensburger, Peter Davidson, Victoria L. M. Eiglmeier, Karin Emrich, Scott J. George, Phillip Kennedy, Ryan C. Mane, Shrinivasrao P. Maslen, Gareth Oringanje, Chioma Qi, Yumin Settlage, Robert Tojo, Marta Tubio, Jose M. C. Unger, Maria F. Wang, Bo Vernick, Kenneth D. Ribeiro, Jose M. C. James, Anthony A. Michel, Kristin Riehle, Michael A. Luckhart, Shirley Sharakhov, Igor V. Tu, Zhijian Waterhouse, Robert Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Waterhouse, Robert Background: Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range. Results: Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism. Conclusions: The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions. National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CNS-0960081) 2014-10-14T20:07:00Z 2014-10-14T20:07:00Z 2014-09 2014-04 2014-10-14T14:22:37Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1465-6906 1474-7596 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90923 Jiang, Xiaofang, et al. "Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi." Genome Biology 2014, 15:459. en http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0459-2 Genome Biology Creative Commons Attribution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Xiaofang Jiang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. application/pdf BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central Ltd |
| spellingShingle | Jiang, Xiaofang Peery, Ashley Hall, A. B. Sharma, Atashi Chen, Xiao-Guang Komissarov, Aleksey Riehle, Michelle M. Shouche, Yogesh Sharakhova, Maria V. Lawson, Daniel Pakpour, Nazzy Arensburger, Peter Davidson, Victoria L. M. Eiglmeier, Karin Emrich, Scott J. George, Phillip Kennedy, Ryan C. Mane, Shrinivasrao P. Maslen, Gareth Oringanje, Chioma Qi, Yumin Settlage, Robert Tojo, Marta Tubio, Jose M. C. Unger, Maria F. Wang, Bo Vernick, Kenneth D. Ribeiro, Jose M. C. James, Anthony A. Michel, Kristin Riehle, Michael A. Luckhart, Shirley Sharakhov, Igor V. Tu, Zhijian Waterhouse, Robert Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi |
| title | Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi |
| title_full | Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi |
| title_fullStr | Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi |
| title_short | Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi |
| title_sort | genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito anopheles stephensi |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90923 |
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