Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells
Mechanical characteristics of single biological cells are used to identify and possibly leverage interesting differences among cells or cell populations. Fluidity—hysteresivity normalized to the extremes of an elastic solid or a viscous liquid—can be extracted from, and compared among, multiple rheo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Elsevier
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92234 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-0560 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-811X |
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| author | Maloney, John M. Lehnhardt, Eric Long, Alexandra F. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Maloney, John M. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Maloney, John M. Lehnhardt, Eric Long, Alexandra F. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Maloney, John M. |
| author_sort | Maloney, John M. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Mechanical characteristics of single biological cells are used to identify and possibly leverage interesting differences among cells or cell populations. Fluidity—hysteresivity normalized to the extremes of an elastic solid or a viscous liquid—can be extracted from, and compared among, multiple rheological measurements of cells: creep compliance versus time, complex modulus versus frequency, and phase lag versus frequency. With multiple strategies available for acquisition of this nondimensional property, fluidity may serve as a useful and robust parameter for distinguishing cell populations, and for understanding the physical origins of deformability in soft matter. Here, for three disparate eukaryotic cell types deformed in the suspended state via optical stretching, we examine the dependence of fluidity on chemical and environmental influences at a timescale of ∼1 s. We find that fluidity estimates are consistent in the time and frequency domains under a structural damping (power-law or fractional-derivative) model, but not under an equivalent-complexity, lumped-component (spring-dashpot) model; the latter predicts spurious time constants. Although fluidity is suppressed by chemical cross-linking, we find that ATP depletion in the cell does not measurably alter the parameter, and we thus conclude that active ATP-driven events are not a crucial enabler of fluidity during linear viscoelastic deformation of a suspended cell. Finally, by using the capacity of optical stretching to produce near-instantaneous increases in cell temperature, we establish that fluidity increases with temperature—now measured in a fully suspended, sortable cell without the complicating factor of cell-substratum adhesion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:38:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/92234 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:38:33Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/922342022-10-01T04:58:14Z Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells Maloney, John M. Lehnhardt, Eric Long, Alexandra F. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Maloney, John M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Maloney, John M. Mechanical characteristics of single biological cells are used to identify and possibly leverage interesting differences among cells or cell populations. Fluidity—hysteresivity normalized to the extremes of an elastic solid or a viscous liquid—can be extracted from, and compared among, multiple rheological measurements of cells: creep compliance versus time, complex modulus versus frequency, and phase lag versus frequency. With multiple strategies available for acquisition of this nondimensional property, fluidity may serve as a useful and robust parameter for distinguishing cell populations, and for understanding the physical origins of deformability in soft matter. Here, for three disparate eukaryotic cell types deformed in the suspended state via optical stretching, we examine the dependence of fluidity on chemical and environmental influences at a timescale of ∼1 s. We find that fluidity estimates are consistent in the time and frequency domains under a structural damping (power-law or fractional-derivative) model, but not under an equivalent-complexity, lumped-component (spring-dashpot) model; the latter predicts spurious time constants. Although fluidity is suppressed by chemical cross-linking, we find that ATP depletion in the cell does not measurably alter the parameter, and we thus conclude that active ATP-driven events are not a crucial enabler of fluidity during linear viscoelastic deformation of a suspended cell. Finally, by using the capacity of optical stretching to produce near-instantaneous increases in cell temperature, we establish that fluidity increases with temperature—now measured in a fully suspended, sortable cell without the complicating factor of cell-substratum adhesion. Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology National Science Foundation (U.S.). Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program (CBET-0644846)) National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Molecular, Cell, and Tissue Biomechanics (Training Grant EB006348) 2014-12-08T20:24:53Z 2014-12-08T20:24:53Z 2013-10 2013-05 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 00063495 1542-0086 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92234 Maloney, John M., Eric Lehnhardt, Alexandra F. Long, and Krystyn J. Van Vliet. “Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells.” Biophysical Journal 105, no. 8 (October 2013): 1767–1777. © 2013 Biophysical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-0560 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-811X en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.040 Biophysical Journal Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. application/pdf Elsevier Elsevier Open Archive |
| spellingShingle | Maloney, John M. Lehnhardt, Eric Long, Alexandra F. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Van Vliet, Krystyn J. Maloney, John M. Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells |
| title | Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells |
| title_full | Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells |
| title_short | Mechanical Fluidity of Fully Suspended Biological Cells |
| title_sort | mechanical fluidity of fully suspended biological cells |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92234 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-0560 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-811X |
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