Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity
Numerical simulations indicate that black holes carrying linear momentum and/or orbital momentum can power jets. The jets extract the kinetic energy stored in the black hole’s motion. This could provide an important electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational wave searches. We develop the theory un...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Physical Society
2015
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96722 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-6174 |
| _version_ | 1826199501042352128 |
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| author | Penna, Robert |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics Penna, Robert |
| author_sort | Penna, Robert |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Numerical simulations indicate that black holes carrying linear momentum and/or orbital momentum can power jets. The jets extract the kinetic energy stored in the black hole’s motion. This could provide an important electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational wave searches. We develop the theory underlying these jets. In particular, we derive the analogues of the Penrose process and the Blandford-Znajek jet power prediction for boosted black holes. The jet power we find is (v/2M)[superscript 2]Φ[superscript 2]/(4π), where v is the hole’s velocity, M is its mass, and Φ is the magnetic flux. We show that energy extraction from boosted black holes is conceptually similar to energy extraction from spinning black holes. However, we highlight two key technical differences: in the boosted case, jet power is no longer defined with respect to a Killing vector, and the relevant notion of black hole mass is observer dependent. We derive a new version of the membrane paradigm in which the membrane lives at infinity rather than the horizon and we show that this is useful for interpreting jets from boosted black holes. Our jet power prediction and the assumptions behind it can be tested with future numerical simulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:21:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/96722 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T11:21:15Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/967222022-10-01T03:01:14Z Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity Penna, Robert Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Penna, Robert Numerical simulations indicate that black holes carrying linear momentum and/or orbital momentum can power jets. The jets extract the kinetic energy stored in the black hole’s motion. This could provide an important electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational wave searches. We develop the theory underlying these jets. In particular, we derive the analogues of the Penrose process and the Blandford-Znajek jet power prediction for boosted black holes. The jet power we find is (v/2M)[superscript 2]Φ[superscript 2]/(4π), where v is the hole’s velocity, M is its mass, and Φ is the magnetic flux. We show that energy extraction from boosted black holes is conceptually similar to energy extraction from spinning black holes. However, we highlight two key technical differences: in the boosted case, jet power is no longer defined with respect to a Killing vector, and the relevant notion of black hole mass is observer dependent. We derive a new version of the membrane paradigm in which the membrane lives at infinity rather than the horizon and we show that this is useful for interpreting jets from boosted black holes. Our jet power prediction and the assumptions behind it can be tested with future numerical simulations. MIT Department of Physics Pappalardo Program (Fellowship) 2015-04-23T13:08:08Z 2015-04-23T13:08:08Z 2015-04 2015-03 2015-04-20T22:00:07Z Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 1550-7998 1550-2368 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96722 Penna, Robert F. "Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity." Phys. Rev. D 91, 084044 (April 2015). © 2015 American Physical Society https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-6174 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.084044 Physical Review D Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. American Physical Society application/pdf American Physical Society American Physical Society |
| spellingShingle | Penna, Robert Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity |
| title | Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity |
| title_full | Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity |
| title_fullStr | Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity |
| title_short | Energy extraction from boosted black holes: Penrose process, jets, and the membrane at infinity |
| title_sort | energy extraction from boosted black holes penrose process jets and the membrane at infinity |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96722 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-6174 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pennarobert energyextractionfromboostedblackholespenroseprocessjetsandthemembraneatinfinity |