Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications
Chemical penetration enhancers are often used to enhance transdermal drug delivery. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern the interactions between penetration enhancers and skin are not fully understood. Therefore, the goal of this work was to identify naturally fluorescent penetration enh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | en_US |
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Elsevier
2015
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99344 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-415X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492 |
| _version_ | 1826195239459618816 |
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| author | Seto, Jennifer E. Polat, Baris E. VanVeller, Brett Langer, Robert Blankschtein, Daniel Lopez, Renata F. V. |
| author2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering |
| author_facet | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering Seto, Jennifer E. Polat, Baris E. VanVeller, Brett Langer, Robert Blankschtein, Daniel Lopez, Renata F. V. |
| author_sort | Seto, Jennifer E. |
| collection | MIT |
| description | Chemical penetration enhancers are often used to enhance transdermal drug delivery. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern the interactions between penetration enhancers and skin are not fully understood. Therefore, the goal of this work was to identify naturally fluorescent penetration enhancers (FPEs) in order to utilize well-established fluorescence techniques to directly study the behavior of FPEs within skin. In this study, 12 fluorescent molecules with amphiphilic characteristics were evaluated as skin penetration enhancers. Eight of the molecules exhibited significant activity as skin penetration enhancers, determined using skin current enhancement ratios. In addition, to illustrate the novel, direct, and non-invasive visualization of the behavior of FPEs within skin, three case studies involving the use of two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPM) are presented, including visualizing glycerol-mitigated and ultrasound-enhanced FPE skin penetration. Previous TPM studies have indirectly visualized the effect of penetration enhancers on the skin by using a fluorescent dye to probe the transdermal pathways of the enhancer. These effects can now be directly visualized and investigated using FPEs. Finally, future studies are proposed for generating FPE design principles. The combination of FPEs with fluorescence techniques represents a useful novel approach for obtaining physical insights on the behavior of penetration enhancers within the skin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:09:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | mit-1721.1/99344 |
| institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| language | en_US |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-23T10:09:54Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | mit-1721.1/993442022-09-30T19:16:47Z Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications Seto, Jennifer E. Polat, Baris E. VanVeller, Brett Langer, Robert Blankschtein, Daniel Lopez, Renata F. V. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry Seto, Jennifer E. Polat, Baris E. VanVeller, Brett Lopez, Renata F. V. Langer, Robert Blankschtein, Daniel Chemical penetration enhancers are often used to enhance transdermal drug delivery. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern the interactions between penetration enhancers and skin are not fully understood. Therefore, the goal of this work was to identify naturally fluorescent penetration enhancers (FPEs) in order to utilize well-established fluorescence techniques to directly study the behavior of FPEs within skin. In this study, 12 fluorescent molecules with amphiphilic characteristics were evaluated as skin penetration enhancers. Eight of the molecules exhibited significant activity as skin penetration enhancers, determined using skin current enhancement ratios. In addition, to illustrate the novel, direct, and non-invasive visualization of the behavior of FPEs within skin, three case studies involving the use of two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPM) are presented, including visualizing glycerol-mitigated and ultrasound-enhanced FPE skin penetration. Previous TPM studies have indirectly visualized the effect of penetration enhancers on the skin by using a fluorescent dye to probe the transdermal pathways of the enhancer. These effects can now be directly visualized and investigated using FPEs. Finally, future studies are proposed for generating FPE design principles. The combination of FPEs with fluorescence techniques represents a useful novel approach for obtaining physical insights on the behavior of penetration enhancers within the skin. National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant EB-00351) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Grant DAAD-19-02-D-002) National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brazil) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo 2015-10-15T17:07:53Z 2015-10-15T17:07:53Z 2011-10 2011-07 Article http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle 01683659 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99344 Seto, Jennifer E., Baris E. Polat, Brett VanVeller, Renata F.V. Lopez, Robert Langer, and Daniel Blankschtein. “Fluorescent Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Applications.” Journal of Controlled Release 158, no. 1 (February 2012): 85–92. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-415X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492 en_US http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.018 Journal of Controlled Release Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Elsevier PMC |
| spellingShingle | Seto, Jennifer E. Polat, Baris E. VanVeller, Brett Langer, Robert Blankschtein, Daniel Lopez, Renata F. V. Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| title | Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| title_full | Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| title_fullStr | Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| title_short | Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| title_sort | fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99344 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-415X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492 |
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