Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study
Background: We assessed the impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria on the rates of gestational diabetes (GDM), pregnancy outcomes and identification of women at future risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: During a period when the 1999 WHO GDM criteria were in ef...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2018
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/107558 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/44826 |
| _version_ | 1811679700224835584 |
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| author | Kramer, Michael S. Chong, Yap-Seng Chi, Claudia Loy, See Ling Chan, Shiao-Yng Choong, Cherie Cai, Shirong Soh, Shu E. Tan, Kok Hian Yap, Fabian Gluckman, Peter D. Godfrey, Keith M. Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi Chan, Jerry Kok Yen |
| author2 | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) |
| author_facet | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Kramer, Michael S. Chong, Yap-Seng Chi, Claudia Loy, See Ling Chan, Shiao-Yng Choong, Cherie Cai, Shirong Soh, Shu E. Tan, Kok Hian Yap, Fabian Gluckman, Peter D. Godfrey, Keith M. Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi Chan, Jerry Kok Yen |
| author_sort | Kramer, Michael S. |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Background: We assessed the impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria on the rates of gestational diabetes (GDM), pregnancy outcomes and identification of women at future risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: During a period when the 1999 WHO GDM criteria were in effect, pregnant women were universally screened using a one-step 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. Women were retrospectively reclassified according to the 2013 criteria, but without the 1-h glycaemia measurement. Pregnancy outcomes and glucose tolerance at 4–5 years post-delivery were compared for women with GDM classified by the 1999 criteria alone, GDM by the 2013 criteria alone, GDM by both criteria and without GDM by both sets of criteria. Results: Of 1092 women, 204 (18.7%) and 142 (13.0%) were diagnosed with GDM by the 1999 and 2013 WHO criteria, respectively, with 27 (2.5%) reclassified to GDM and 89 (8.2%) reclassified to non-GDM when shifting from the 1999 to 2013 criteria. Compared to women without GDM by both criteria, cases reclassified to GDM by the 2013 criteria had an increased risk of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy (relative risk (RR) = 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32, 5. 86); despite receiving treatment for GDM, cases reclassified to non-GDM by the 2013 criteria had higher risks of prematurity (RR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.12, 4.24), neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR = 3.42, 95% CI 1.04, 11.29), jaundice requiring phototherapy (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.04, 2.82), and a higher rate of abnormal glucose tolerance at 4–5 years post-delivery (RR = 3.39, 95% CI 2.30, 5.00). Conclusions: Adoption of the 2013 WHO criteria, without the 1-h glycaemia measurement, reduced the GDM rate. Lowering the fasting glucose threshold identified women who might benefit from treatment, but raising the 2-h threshold may fail to identify women at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and future metabolic outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:13:19Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/107558 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:13:19Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1075582020-11-01T05:13:16Z Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study Kramer, Michael S. Chong, Yap-Seng Chi, Claudia Loy, See Ling Chan, Shiao-Yng Choong, Cherie Cai, Shirong Soh, Shu E. Tan, Kok Hian Yap, Fabian Gluckman, Peter D. Godfrey, Keith M. Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi Chan, Jerry Kok Yen Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Glucose Tolerance Background: We assessed the impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria on the rates of gestational diabetes (GDM), pregnancy outcomes and identification of women at future risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: During a period when the 1999 WHO GDM criteria were in effect, pregnant women were universally screened using a one-step 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. Women were retrospectively reclassified according to the 2013 criteria, but without the 1-h glycaemia measurement. Pregnancy outcomes and glucose tolerance at 4–5 years post-delivery were compared for women with GDM classified by the 1999 criteria alone, GDM by the 2013 criteria alone, GDM by both criteria and without GDM by both sets of criteria. Results: Of 1092 women, 204 (18.7%) and 142 (13.0%) were diagnosed with GDM by the 1999 and 2013 WHO criteria, respectively, with 27 (2.5%) reclassified to GDM and 89 (8.2%) reclassified to non-GDM when shifting from the 1999 to 2013 criteria. Compared to women without GDM by both criteria, cases reclassified to GDM by the 2013 criteria had an increased risk of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy (relative risk (RR) = 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32, 5. 86); despite receiving treatment for GDM, cases reclassified to non-GDM by the 2013 criteria had higher risks of prematurity (RR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.12, 4.24), neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR = 3.42, 95% CI 1.04, 11.29), jaundice requiring phototherapy (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.04, 2.82), and a higher rate of abnormal glucose tolerance at 4–5 years post-delivery (RR = 3.39, 95% CI 2.30, 5.00). Conclusions: Adoption of the 2013 WHO criteria, without the 1-h glycaemia measurement, reduced the GDM rate. Lowering the fasting glucose threshold identified women who might benefit from treatment, but raising the 2-h threshold may fail to identify women at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and future metabolic outcomes. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) ASTAR (Agency for Sci., Tech. and Research, S’pore) NMRC (Natl Medical Research Council, S’pore) MOH (Min. of Health, S’pore) Published version 2018-05-17T06:41:36Z 2019-12-06T22:34:03Z 2018-05-17T06:41:36Z 2019-12-06T22:34:03Z 2018 Journal Article Chi, C., Loy, S. L., Chan, S.-Y., Choong, C., Cai, S., Soh, S. E., et al. (2018). Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18, 69-. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/107558 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/44826 10.1186/s12884-018-1707-3 en BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth © 2018 The Author(s). Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 11 p. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Glucose Tolerance Kramer, Michael S. Chong, Yap-Seng Chi, Claudia Loy, See Ling Chan, Shiao-Yng Choong, Cherie Cai, Shirong Soh, Shu E. Tan, Kok Hian Yap, Fabian Gluckman, Peter D. Godfrey, Keith M. Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi Chan, Jerry Kok Yen Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study |
| title | Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study |
| title_full | Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study |
| title_fullStr | Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study |
| title_short | Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study |
| title_sort | impact of adopting the 2013 world health organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi ethnic asian cohort a prospective study |
| topic | Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Glucose Tolerance |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/107558 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/44826 |
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