The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae
In the aquatic environment, Vibrio spp. interact with many living organisms that can serve as a replication niche, including heterotrophic protists, or protozoa. Protozoa engulf bacteria and package them into phagosomes where the cells are exposed to low pH, antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen/n...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2020
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/145251 |
| _version_ | 1824454587435712512 |
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| author | Espinoza-Vergara, Gustavo Hoque, M. Mozammel McDougald, Diane Noorian, Parisa |
| author2 | Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences and Engineering |
| author_facet | Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences and Engineering Espinoza-Vergara, Gustavo Hoque, M. Mozammel McDougald, Diane Noorian, Parisa |
| author_sort | Espinoza-Vergara, Gustavo |
| collection | NTU |
| description | In the aquatic environment, Vibrio spp. interact with many living organisms that can serve as a replication niche, including heterotrophic protists, or protozoa. Protozoa engulf bacteria and package them into phagosomes where the cells are exposed to low pH, antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, proteolytic enzymes, and low concentrations of essential metal ions such as iron. However, some bacteria can resist these digestive processes. For example, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio harveyi can resist intracellular digestion. In order to survive intracellularly, bacteria have acquired and/or developed specific factors that help them to resist the unfavorable conditions encountered inside of the phagosomes. Many of these intra-phagosomal factors used to kill and digest bacteria are highly conserved between eukaryotic cells and thus are also expressed by the innate immune system in the gastrointestinal tract as the first line of defense against bacterial pathogens. Since pathogenic bacteria have been shown to be hypervirulent after they have passed through protozoa, the resistance to digestion by protist hosts in their natural environment plays a key role in enhancing the infectious potential of pathogenic Vibrio spp. This review will investigate the current knowledge in interactions of bacteria with protozoa and human host to better understand the mechanisms used by both protozoa and human hosts to kill bacteria and the bacterial response to them. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-19T03:24:41Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/145251 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T03:24:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1452512020-12-19T20:11:39Z The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae Espinoza-Vergara, Gustavo Hoque, M. Mozammel McDougald, Diane Noorian, Parisa Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences and Engineering Science::Biological sciences Protozoan Predation Virulence In the aquatic environment, Vibrio spp. interact with many living organisms that can serve as a replication niche, including heterotrophic protists, or protozoa. Protozoa engulf bacteria and package them into phagosomes where the cells are exposed to low pH, antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, proteolytic enzymes, and low concentrations of essential metal ions such as iron. However, some bacteria can resist these digestive processes. For example, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio harveyi can resist intracellular digestion. In order to survive intracellularly, bacteria have acquired and/or developed specific factors that help them to resist the unfavorable conditions encountered inside of the phagosomes. Many of these intra-phagosomal factors used to kill and digest bacteria are highly conserved between eukaryotic cells and thus are also expressed by the innate immune system in the gastrointestinal tract as the first line of defense against bacterial pathogens. Since pathogenic bacteria have been shown to be hypervirulent after they have passed through protozoa, the resistance to digestion by protist hosts in their natural environment plays a key role in enhancing the infectious potential of pathogenic Vibrio spp. This review will investigate the current knowledge in interactions of bacteria with protozoa and human host to better understand the mechanisms used by both protozoa and human hosts to kill bacteria and the bacterial response to them. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University National Research Foundation (NRF) Published version This work was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP170100453, the CONICYT Becas Chile doctoral (72140329), and by the National Research Foundation and Ministry of Education Singapore under its Research Centre of Excellence Program to the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University. 2020-12-15T09:09:01Z 2020-12-15T09:09:01Z 2020 Journal Article Espinoza-Vergara, G., Hoque, M. M., McDougald, D., & Noorian, P. (2020). The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 17-. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00017 1664-302X https://hdl.handle.net/10356/145251 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00017 32038597 11 en Frontiers in Microbiology © 2020 Espinoza-Vergara, Hoque, McDougald and Noorian. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Science::Biological sciences Protozoan Predation Virulence Espinoza-Vergara, Gustavo Hoque, M. Mozammel McDougald, Diane Noorian, Parisa The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae |
| title | The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae |
| title_full | The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae |
| title_fullStr | The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae |
| title_short | The impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae |
| title_sort | impact of protozoan predation on the pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae |
| topic | Science::Biological sciences Protozoan Predation Virulence |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/145251 |
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