Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications
Mission- and safety-critical applications tend to incorporate triple modular redundancy (TMR) in their hardware implementation to reliably withstand the fault or failure of any one of the function modules during normal operation, and the function module may be a circuit or a system. In a TMR impleme...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2021
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146246 |
| _version_ | 1826113432020058112 |
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| author | Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan Maskell, Douglas Leslie Mastorakis, Nikos E. |
| author2 | School of Computer Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Computer Science and Engineering Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan Maskell, Douglas Leslie Mastorakis, Nikos E. |
| author_sort | Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Mission- and safety-critical applications tend to incorporate triple modular redundancy (TMR) in their hardware implementation to reliably withstand the fault or failure of any one of the function modules during normal operation, and the function module may be a circuit or a system. In a TMR implementation, two identical copies of a function module are used in addition to the original function module, and the correct operation of at least two function modules is required. In TMR, the corresponding primary outputs of the three function modules are combined using majority voters, which determine the actual primary outputs based on the Boolean majority. Hence, the majority voter is an important component that is useful for conveying the correct operation of a TMR implementation. In the existing literature, many designs of three-input majority voters for TMR have been discussed. However, most of these correspond to the synchronous design style and just one corresponds to the bundled-data asynchronous design style, which is not delay insensitive and hence non-robust. To our knowledge, a robust delay insensitive design of the three-input majority voter has not been considered. In this context, this article presents the designs of robust quasi delay insensitive (QDI) three-input majority voters based on QDI logic synthesis methods, and analyzes which majority voters are preferable in terms of speed, power, and area. We implement example QDI TMR circuits using a QDI full adder as the function module and QDI majority voters using 32/28 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The QDI TMR implementations use the delay insensitive dual rail code for data encoding, and four-phase return-to-zero and four-phase return-to-one handshake protocols for data communication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:23:08Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/146246 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:23:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1462462021-02-04T02:09:24Z Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan Maskell, Douglas Leslie Mastorakis, Nikos E. School of Computer Science and Engineering Engineering::Computer science and engineering Fault Tolerance Redundancy Mission- and safety-critical applications tend to incorporate triple modular redundancy (TMR) in their hardware implementation to reliably withstand the fault or failure of any one of the function modules during normal operation, and the function module may be a circuit or a system. In a TMR implementation, two identical copies of a function module are used in addition to the original function module, and the correct operation of at least two function modules is required. In TMR, the corresponding primary outputs of the three function modules are combined using majority voters, which determine the actual primary outputs based on the Boolean majority. Hence, the majority voter is an important component that is useful for conveying the correct operation of a TMR implementation. In the existing literature, many designs of three-input majority voters for TMR have been discussed. However, most of these correspond to the synchronous design style and just one corresponds to the bundled-data asynchronous design style, which is not delay insensitive and hence non-robust. To our knowledge, a robust delay insensitive design of the three-input majority voter has not been considered. In this context, this article presents the designs of robust quasi delay insensitive (QDI) three-input majority voters based on QDI logic synthesis methods, and analyzes which majority voters are preferable in terms of speed, power, and area. We implement example QDI TMR circuits using a QDI full adder as the function module and QDI majority voters using 32/28 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The QDI TMR implementations use the delay insensitive dual rail code for data encoding, and four-phase return-to-zero and four-phase return-to-one handshake protocols for data communication. Ministry of Education (MOE) Published version This research is supported by an Academic Research Fund Tier-2 research award of the Ministry ofEducation (MOE), Singapore under Grant MOE2018-T2-2-024. 2021-02-04T02:09:23Z 2021-02-04T02:09:23Z 2019 Journal Article Balasubramanian, P., Maskell, D. L., & Mastorakis, N. E. (2019). Quasi Delay Insensitive Majority Voters for Triple Modular Redundancy Applications. Applied Sciences, 9(24), 5400-. doi:10.3390/app9245400 2076-3417 0000-0001-9412-4773 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146246 10.3390/app9245400 2-s2.0-85077365618 24 9 en MOE2018-T2-2-024 Applied Sciences © 2019 The Authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Engineering::Computer science and engineering Fault Tolerance Redundancy Balasubramanian, Padmanabhan Maskell, Douglas Leslie Mastorakis, Nikos E. Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| title | Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| title_full | Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| title_fullStr | Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| title_short | Quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| title_sort | quasi delay insensitive majority voters for triple modular redundancy applications |
| topic | Engineering::Computer science and engineering Fault Tolerance Redundancy |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146246 |
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