Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers
Laser printers emit high levels of nanoparticles (PM0.1) during operation. Although it is well established that toners contain multiple engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), little is known about inhalation exposures to these nanoparticles and work practices in printing centers. In this report, we presen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146776 |
| _version_ | 1826114147934273536 |
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| author | Setyawati, Magdiel Inggrid Singh, Dilpreet Krishnan, Sriram P. R. Huang, Xian Wang, Mengjing Jia, Shenglan Goh, Bernice Huan Rong Ho, Chin Guan Ridhwan Yusoff Kathawala, Mustafa H. Poh, Tuang Yeow Nur A'tikah Binte Mohamed Ali Chotirmall, Sanjay Haresh Aitken, Robert J. Riediker, Michael Christiani, David C. Fang, Mingliang Bello, Dhimiter Demokritou, Philip Ng, Kee Woei |
| author2 | School of Materials Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Materials Science and Engineering Setyawati, Magdiel Inggrid Singh, Dilpreet Krishnan, Sriram P. R. Huang, Xian Wang, Mengjing Jia, Shenglan Goh, Bernice Huan Rong Ho, Chin Guan Ridhwan Yusoff Kathawala, Mustafa H. Poh, Tuang Yeow Nur A'tikah Binte Mohamed Ali Chotirmall, Sanjay Haresh Aitken, Robert J. Riediker, Michael Christiani, David C. Fang, Mingliang Bello, Dhimiter Demokritou, Philip Ng, Kee Woei |
| author_sort | Setyawati, Magdiel Inggrid |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Laser printers emit high levels of nanoparticles (PM0.1) during operation. Although it is well established that toners contain multiple engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), little is known about inhalation exposures to these nanoparticles and work practices in printing centers. In this report, we present a comprehensive inhalation exposure assessment of indoor microenvironments at six commercial printing centers in Singapore, the first such assessment outside of the United States, using real-time personal and stationary monitors, time-integrated instrumentation, and multiple analytical methods. Extensive presence of ENMs, including titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and silica, was detected in toners and in airborne particles collected from all six centers studied. We document high transient exposures to emitted nanoparticles (peaks of ∼500 000 particles/cm3, lung-deposited surface area of up to 220 μm2/cm3, and PM0.1 up to 16 μg/m3) with complex PM0.1 chemistry that included 40-60 wt % organic carbon, 10-15 wt % elemental carbon, and 14 wt % trace elements. We also record 271.6-474.9 pmol/mg of Environmental Protection Agency-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These findings highlight the potentially high occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles with complex compositions resulting from widespread usage of nano-enabled toners in the printing industry, as well as inadequate ENM-specific exposure control measures in these settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:34:44Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/146776 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:34:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1467762023-07-14T16:03:45Z Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers Setyawati, Magdiel Inggrid Singh, Dilpreet Krishnan, Sriram P. R. Huang, Xian Wang, Mengjing Jia, Shenglan Goh, Bernice Huan Rong Ho, Chin Guan Ridhwan Yusoff Kathawala, Mustafa H. Poh, Tuang Yeow Nur A'tikah Binte Mohamed Ali Chotirmall, Sanjay Haresh Aitken, Robert J. Riediker, Michael Christiani, David C. Fang, Mingliang Bello, Dhimiter Demokritou, Philip Ng, Kee Woei School of Materials Science and Engineering Engineering Engineering::Nanotechnology Photocopy Centers Occupational Exposure to Nanoparticles Laser printers emit high levels of nanoparticles (PM0.1) during operation. Although it is well established that toners contain multiple engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), little is known about inhalation exposures to these nanoparticles and work practices in printing centers. In this report, we present a comprehensive inhalation exposure assessment of indoor microenvironments at six commercial printing centers in Singapore, the first such assessment outside of the United States, using real-time personal and stationary monitors, time-integrated instrumentation, and multiple analytical methods. Extensive presence of ENMs, including titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and silica, was detected in toners and in airborne particles collected from all six centers studied. We document high transient exposures to emitted nanoparticles (peaks of ∼500 000 particles/cm3, lung-deposited surface area of up to 220 μm2/cm3, and PM0.1 up to 16 μg/m3) with complex PM0.1 chemistry that included 40-60 wt % organic carbon, 10-15 wt % elemental carbon, and 14 wt % trace elements. We also record 271.6-474.9 pmol/mg of Environmental Protection Agency-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These findings highlight the potentially high occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles with complex compositions resulting from widespread usage of nano-enabled toners in the printing industry, as well as inadequate ENM-specific exposure control measures in these settings. Nanyang Technological University Accepted version Nanyang Technological University—Harvard School of Public Health Initiative for Sustainable Nanotechnology (NTU‐Harvard SusNano; NTU-HSPH-17001) 2021-03-10T07:24:37Z 2021-03-10T07:24:37Z 2020 Journal Article Setyawati, M. I., Singh, D., Krishnan, S. P. R., Huang, X., Wang, M., Jia, S., ... Ng, K. W. (2020). Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(4), 2389-2400. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b06984 0013-936X 0000-0002-2204-9783 0000-0003-2402-5651 0000-0002-7276-3563 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146776 10.1021/acs.est.9b06984 54 2-s2.0-85080890056 4 54 2389 2400 en NTU-Harvard SusNano Initiative (NTU-HSPH 17001) Environmental Science and Technology This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Environmental Science and Technology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06984 application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Engineering Engineering::Nanotechnology Photocopy Centers Occupational Exposure to Nanoparticles Setyawati, Magdiel Inggrid Singh, Dilpreet Krishnan, Sriram P. R. Huang, Xian Wang, Mengjing Jia, Shenglan Goh, Bernice Huan Rong Ho, Chin Guan Ridhwan Yusoff Kathawala, Mustafa H. Poh, Tuang Yeow Nur A'tikah Binte Mohamed Ali Chotirmall, Sanjay Haresh Aitken, Robert J. Riediker, Michael Christiani, David C. Fang, Mingliang Bello, Dhimiter Demokritou, Philip Ng, Kee Woei Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers |
| title | Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers |
| title_full | Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers |
| title_fullStr | Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers |
| title_short | Occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six Singapore printing centers |
| title_sort | occupational inhalation exposures to nanoparticles at six singapore printing centers |
| topic | Engineering Engineering::Nanotechnology Photocopy Centers Occupational Exposure to Nanoparticles |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/146776 |
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