Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam
Potassium-intercalated graphite intercalation compounds (K-GICs) are of particular physical and chemical interest due to their versatile structures and fascinating properties. Fundamental insights into the K+ storage mechanism, and the complex kinetics/thermodynamics that control the reactions and s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/147180 |
| _version_ | 1811693002644520960 |
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| author | Liu, Jilei Yin, Tingting Tian, Bingbing Zhang, Bowei Qian, Cheng Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lili Liang, Pei Chen, Zhen Yan, Jiaxu Fan, Xiaofeng Lin, Jianyi Chen, Xiaohua Huang, Yizhong Loh, Kian Ping Shen, Zexiang |
| author2 | School of Materials Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Materials Science and Engineering Liu, Jilei Yin, Tingting Tian, Bingbing Zhang, Bowei Qian, Cheng Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lili Liang, Pei Chen, Zhen Yan, Jiaxu Fan, Xiaofeng Lin, Jianyi Chen, Xiaohua Huang, Yizhong Loh, Kian Ping Shen, Zexiang |
| author_sort | Liu, Jilei |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Potassium-intercalated graphite intercalation compounds (K-GICs) are of particular physical and chemical interest due to their versatile structures and fascinating properties. Fundamental insights into the K+ storage mechanism, and the complex kinetics/thermodynamics that control the reactions and structural rearrangements allow manipulating K-GICs with desired functionalities. Here operando studies including in situ Raman mapping and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations, in combination with density-functional theory simulations are carried out to correlate the real-time electrochemical K+ intercalation/deintercalation process with structure/component evolution. The experimental results, together with theoretical calculations, reveal the reversible K-GICs staging transition: C ↔ stage 5 (KC60) ↔ stage 4 (KC48) ↔ stage 3 (KC36) ↔ stage 2 (KC24/KC16) ↔ stage 1 (KC8). Moreover, the staging transition is clearly visualized and an intermediate phase of stage 2 with the stoichiometric formula of KC16 is identified. The staging transition mechanism involving both intrastage transition from KC24 (stage 2) to KC16 (stage 2) and interstage transition is proposed. The present study promotes better fundamental understanding of K+ storage behavior in graphite, develops a nondestructive technological basis for accurately capture nonuniformity in electrode phase evolution across the length scale of graphite domains, and offers guidance for efficient research in other GICs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:44:45Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/147180 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:44:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1471802021-03-24T08:41:22Z Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam Liu, Jilei Yin, Tingting Tian, Bingbing Zhang, Bowei Qian, Cheng Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lili Liang, Pei Chen, Zhen Yan, Jiaxu Fan, Xiaofeng Lin, Jianyi Chen, Xiaohua Huang, Yizhong Loh, Kian Ping Shen, Zexiang School of Materials Science and Engineering School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Engineering::Materials Intrastage Potassium-intercalated Graphite Intercalation Compounds Potassium-intercalated graphite intercalation compounds (K-GICs) are of particular physical and chemical interest due to their versatile structures and fascinating properties. Fundamental insights into the K+ storage mechanism, and the complex kinetics/thermodynamics that control the reactions and structural rearrangements allow manipulating K-GICs with desired functionalities. Here operando studies including in situ Raman mapping and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations, in combination with density-functional theory simulations are carried out to correlate the real-time electrochemical K+ intercalation/deintercalation process with structure/component evolution. The experimental results, together with theoretical calculations, reveal the reversible K-GICs staging transition: C ↔ stage 5 (KC60) ↔ stage 4 (KC48) ↔ stage 3 (KC36) ↔ stage 2 (KC24/KC16) ↔ stage 1 (KC8). Moreover, the staging transition is clearly visualized and an intermediate phase of stage 2 with the stoichiometric formula of KC16 is identified. The staging transition mechanism involving both intrastage transition from KC24 (stage 2) to KC16 (stage 2) and interstage transition is proposed. The present study promotes better fundamental understanding of K+ storage behavior in graphite, develops a nondestructive technological basis for accurately capture nonuniformity in electrode phase evolution across the length scale of graphite domains, and offers guidance for efficient research in other GICs. Ministry of Education (MOE) J.L.L. thanks the financial support from Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51802091), National Thousand Young Talents Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 531109200024). J.X.Y. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11704185) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20171021). Z.X.S. acknowledges the financial support from Ministry of Education, Singapore, Tier 3 (MOE2011-T3-1-005). X.F.F. acknowledges the National Key Research and Development Program from China (Grant No. 2016YFA0200400). 2021-03-24T08:41:22Z 2021-03-24T08:41:22Z 2019 Journal Article Liu, J., Yin, T., Tian, B., Zhang, B., Qian, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Liang, P., Chen, Z., Yan, J., Fan, X., Lin, J., Chen, X., Huang, Y., Loh, K. P. & Shen, Z. (2019). Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam. Advanced Energy Materials, 9(22), 1900579--. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900579 1614-6832 0000-0003-0571-323X https://hdl.handle.net/10356/147180 10.1002/aenm.201900579 2-s2.0-85064006863 22 9 1900579- en MOE2011-T3-1-005 Advanced Energy Materials © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. All rights reserved. |
| spellingShingle | Engineering::Materials Intrastage Potassium-intercalated Graphite Intercalation Compounds Liu, Jilei Yin, Tingting Tian, Bingbing Zhang, Bowei Qian, Cheng Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lili Liang, Pei Chen, Zhen Yan, Jiaxu Fan, Xiaofeng Lin, Jianyi Chen, Xiaohua Huang, Yizhong Loh, Kian Ping Shen, Zexiang Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| title | Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| title_full | Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| title_fullStr | Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| title_short | Unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| title_sort | unraveling the potassium storage mechanism in graphite foam |
| topic | Engineering::Materials Intrastage Potassium-intercalated Graphite Intercalation Compounds |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/147180 |
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