Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/147403 |
| _version_ | 1826109987813851136 |
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| author | Chia, Wan Ni Tan, Chee Wah Foo, Randy Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng Peng, Yilong Sivalingam, Velraj Tiu, Charles Ong, Xin Mei Zhu, Feng Young, Barnaby Edward Chen, Mark I.-C. Tan, Yee-Joo Lye, David C. Anderson, Danielle E. Wang, Lin-Fa |
| author2 | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) |
| author_facet | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Chia, Wan Ni Tan, Chee Wah Foo, Randy Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng Peng, Yilong Sivalingam, Velraj Tiu, Charles Ong, Xin Mei Zhu, Feng Young, Barnaby Edward Chen, Mark I.-C. Tan, Yee-Joo Lye, David C. Anderson, Danielle E. Wang, Lin-Fa |
| author_sort | Chia, Wan Ni |
| collection | NTU |
| description | In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific, cross-reactivity is a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. SARS-CoV is genetically related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80% sequence identity and both belong to the species SARS related coronavirus in the genus Betacoronavirus of family Coronaviridae. We developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. There is significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either virus is used. The S1 or RBD regions from the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. We found that SARS survivors all have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. Anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:27:25Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/147403 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:27:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1474032023-03-05T16:49:51Z Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections Chia, Wan Ni Tan, Chee Wah Foo, Randy Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng Peng, Yilong Sivalingam, Velraj Tiu, Charles Ong, Xin Mei Zhu, Feng Young, Barnaby Edward Chen, Mark I.-C. Tan, Yee-Joo Lye, David C. Anderson, Danielle E. Wang, Lin-Fa Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Science::Medicine SARS COVID-19 In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific, cross-reactivity is a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. SARS-CoV is genetically related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80% sequence identity and both belong to the species SARS related coronavirus in the genus Betacoronavirus of family Coronaviridae. We developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. There is significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either virus is used. The S1 or RBD regions from the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. We found that SARS survivors all have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. Anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity. National Medical Research Council (NMRC) National Research Foundation (NRF) Published version This work is supported in part by the Singapore Singapore Medical Research Council (NMRC) grants STPRG-FY19-001 and COVID19RF-003, and Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) grant NRF2016NRF-NSFC002-013. 2021-03-31T04:44:13Z 2021-03-31T04:44:13Z 2020 Journal Article Chia, W. N., Tan, C. W., Foo, R., Kang, A. E. Z., Peng, Y., Sivalingam, V., Tiu, C., Ong, X. M., Zhu, F., Young, B. E., Chen, M. I., Tan, Y., Lye, D. C., Anderson, D. E. & Wang, L. (2020). Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 9(1), 1497-1505. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1780951 2222-1751 0000-0001-7287-694X 0000-0001-9837-1413 0000-0002-8131-1219 0000-0001-9369-5830 0000-0003-4791-5024 0000-0003-2752-0535 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/147403 10.1080/22221751.2020.1780951 32529906 2-s2.0-85087626030 1 9 1497 1505 en STPRG-FY19-001 COVID19RF-003 NRF2016NRF-NSFC002-013 Emerging Microbes and Infections © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Science::Medicine SARS COVID-19 Chia, Wan Ni Tan, Chee Wah Foo, Randy Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng Peng, Yilong Sivalingam, Velraj Tiu, Charles Ong, Xin Mei Zhu, Feng Young, Barnaby Edward Chen, Mark I.-C. Tan, Yee-Joo Lye, David C. Anderson, Danielle E. Wang, Lin-Fa Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections |
| title | Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections |
| title_full | Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections |
| title_fullStr | Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections |
| title_short | Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections |
| title_sort | serological differentiation between covid 19 and sars infections |
| topic | Science::Medicine SARS COVID-19 |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/147403 |
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