Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data
Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/154185 |
| _version_ | 1811690005174681600 |
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| author | He, Guanglin Wang, Mengge Zou, Xing Chen, Pengyu Wang, Zheng Liu, Yan Yao, Hongbin Wei, Lan-Hai Tang, Renkuan Wang, Chuan-Chao Yeh, Hui-Yuan |
| author2 | School of Humanities |
| author_facet | School of Humanities He, Guanglin Wang, Mengge Zou, Xing Chen, Pengyu Wang, Zheng Liu, Yan Yao, Hongbin Wei, Lan-Hai Tang, Renkuan Wang, Chuan-Chao Yeh, Hui-Yuan |
| author_sort | He, Guanglin |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancient and modern DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed the first ancient and modern genomic meta-analysis among 3,017 Paleolithic to present-day Eastern Eurasian genomes (2,444 modern individuals from 183 populations and 573 ancient individuals). We identified a close genetic connection between the ancient-modern highland Tibetans and lowland island/coastal Neolithic Northern East Asians (NEA). This observed genetic affinity reflected the primary ancestry of high-altitude Tibeto-Burman speakers originated from the Neolithic farming populations in the Yellow River Basin. The identified pattern was consistent with the proposed common north-China origin hypothesis of the Sino-Tibetan languages and dispersal patterns of the northern millet farmers. We also observed the genetic differentiation between the highlanders and lowland NEAs. The former harbored more deeply diverged Hoabinhian/Onge-related ancestry and the latter possessed more Neolithic southern East Asian (SEA) or Siberian-related ancestry. Our reconstructed qpAdm and qpGraph models suggested the co-existence of Paleolithic and Neolithic ancestries in the Neolithic to modern East Asian highlanders. Additionally, we found that Tibetans from Ü-Tsang/Ando/Kham regions showed a strong population stratification consistent with their cultural background and geographic terrain. Ü-Tsang Tibetans possessed a stronger Chokhopani-affinity, Ando Tibetans had more Western Eurasian related ancestry and Kham Tibetans harbored greater Neolithic southern EA ancestry. Generally, ancient and modern genomes documented multiple waves of human migrations in the TP's past. The first layer of local hunter-gatherers mixed with incoming millet farmers and arose the Chokhopani-associated Proto-Tibetan-Burman highlanders, which further respectively mixed with additional genetic contributors from the western Eurasian Steppe, Yellow River and Yangtze River and finally gave rise to the modern Ando, Ü-Tsang and Kham Tibetans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:57:07Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/154185 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:57:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1541852023-03-11T20:06:22Z Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data He, Guanglin Wang, Mengge Zou, Xing Chen, Pengyu Wang, Zheng Liu, Yan Yao, Hongbin Wei, Lan-Hai Tang, Renkuan Wang, Chuan-Chao Yeh, Hui-Yuan School of Humanities Humanities::History East Asian Genetic History Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancient and modern DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed the first ancient and modern genomic meta-analysis among 3,017 Paleolithic to present-day Eastern Eurasian genomes (2,444 modern individuals from 183 populations and 573 ancient individuals). We identified a close genetic connection between the ancient-modern highland Tibetans and lowland island/coastal Neolithic Northern East Asians (NEA). This observed genetic affinity reflected the primary ancestry of high-altitude Tibeto-Burman speakers originated from the Neolithic farming populations in the Yellow River Basin. The identified pattern was consistent with the proposed common north-China origin hypothesis of the Sino-Tibetan languages and dispersal patterns of the northern millet farmers. We also observed the genetic differentiation between the highlanders and lowland NEAs. The former harbored more deeply diverged Hoabinhian/Onge-related ancestry and the latter possessed more Neolithic southern East Asian (SEA) or Siberian-related ancestry. Our reconstructed qpAdm and qpGraph models suggested the co-existence of Paleolithic and Neolithic ancestries in the Neolithic to modern East Asian highlanders. Additionally, we found that Tibetans from Ü-Tsang/Ando/Kham regions showed a strong population stratification consistent with their cultural background and geographic terrain. Ü-Tsang Tibetans possessed a stronger Chokhopani-affinity, Ando Tibetans had more Western Eurasian related ancestry and Kham Tibetans harbored greater Neolithic southern EA ancestry. Generally, ancient and modern genomes documented multiple waves of human migrations in the TP's past. The first layer of local hunter-gatherers mixed with incoming millet farmers and arose the Chokhopani-associated Proto-Tibetan-Burman highlanders, which further respectively mixed with additional genetic contributors from the western Eurasian Steppe, Yellow River and Yangtze River and finally gave rise to the modern Ando, Ü-Tsang and Kham Tibetans. Published version This study was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M691879), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801040 and 31760309), Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144), Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (18YJAZH116), Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province (2017B-34), Gansu University of Political Science and Law Major Scientific Research Projects (2017XZD10), Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (2018-RC-113), and Gansu 2022-06-08T07:51:23Z 2022-06-08T07:51:23Z 2021 Journal Article He, G., Wang, M., Zou, X., Chen, P., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Yao, H., Wei, L., Tang, R., Wang, C. & Yeh, H. (2021). Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data. Frontiers in Genetics, 12, 725243-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.725243 1664-8021 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/154185 10.3389/fgene.2021.725243 34650596 2-s2.0-85115139808 12 725243 en Frontiers in Genetics © 2021 He, Wang, Zou, Chen, Wang, Liu, Yao, Wei, Tang, Wang and Yeh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Humanities::History East Asian Genetic History He, Guanglin Wang, Mengge Zou, Xing Chen, Pengyu Wang, Zheng Liu, Yan Yao, Hongbin Wei, Lan-Hai Tang, Renkuan Wang, Chuan-Chao Yeh, Hui-Yuan Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data |
| title | Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data |
| title_full | Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data |
| title_fullStr | Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data |
| title_short | Peopling history of the Tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of Tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome-wide data |
| title_sort | peopling history of the tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome wide data |
| topic | Humanities::History East Asian Genetic History |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/154185 |
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