Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence
While the heart rate has been used as a psychophysiological measure in media research, the perception of heart rates may have a considerable influence on individuals. Based on social information processing theory, this paper proposes the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual environments, with a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155449 |
| _version_ | 1826125161350299648 |
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| author | Li, Benjamin Junting Bailenson, Jeremy N. Ogle, Elise Zaki, Jamil |
| author2 | Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information |
| author_facet | Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information Li, Benjamin Junting Bailenson, Jeremy N. Ogle, Elise Zaki, Jamil |
| author_sort | Li, Benjamin Junting |
| collection | NTU |
| description | While the heart rate has been used as a psychophysiological measure in media research, the perception of heart rates may have a considerable influence on individuals. Based on social information processing theory, this paper proposes the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual environments, with a varied heart rate accompanying a communicator’s emotional expressions leading to differing perceptions among observers as compared to a consistent one. In a pilot study, 44 participants watched a recording of a virtual human telling an emotional story and either saw it without any accompanying heart rate, a consistent heart rate or a varied one. Results showed that varied heart rate can lead to higher perceived other-arousal, empathy and social presence in observers as compared to a consistent heart rate. Study 2 tested the original hypotheses with a larger sample, and introduced two new conditions which explored the conformity and violations of observer’s expectations of heart rates; specifically if the varied heart rate needs to be in synch with the expressed emotions. Results from 173 participants showed that varied heart rate conditions which conformed to observers’ expectations of heart rate and emotional content lead to higher perceived other-arousal, empathy and social presence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:32:10Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/155449 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:32:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1554492022-03-17T07:41:52Z Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence Li, Benjamin Junting Bailenson, Jeremy N. Ogle, Elise Zaki, Jamil Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information Social sciences::Communication Heart Rates Psychophysiological Measure While the heart rate has been used as a psychophysiological measure in media research, the perception of heart rates may have a considerable influence on individuals. Based on social information processing theory, this paper proposes the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual environments, with a varied heart rate accompanying a communicator’s emotional expressions leading to differing perceptions among observers as compared to a consistent one. In a pilot study, 44 participants watched a recording of a virtual human telling an emotional story and either saw it without any accompanying heart rate, a consistent heart rate or a varied one. Results showed that varied heart rate can lead to higher perceived other-arousal, empathy and social presence in observers as compared to a consistent heart rate. Study 2 tested the original hypotheses with a larger sample, and introduced two new conditions which explored the conformity and violations of observer’s expectations of heart rates; specifically if the varied heart rate needs to be in synch with the expressed emotions. Results from 173 participants showed that varied heart rate conditions which conformed to observers’ expectations of heart rate and emotional content lead to higher perceived other-arousal, empathy and social presence. Nanyang Technological University This work was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [72394] and a Start-Up Grant from Nanyang Technological University. 2022-03-17T07:41:52Z 2022-03-17T07:41:52Z 2021 Journal Article Li, B. J., Bailenson, J. N., Ogle, E. & Zaki, J. (2021). Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence. Media Psychology, 24(5), 688-712. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2020.1788394 1521-3269 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155449 10.1080/15213269.2020.1788394 2-s2.0-85089033054 5 24 688 712 en Media Psychology © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. |
| spellingShingle | Social sciences::Communication Heart Rates Psychophysiological Measure Li, Benjamin Junting Bailenson, Jeremy N. Ogle, Elise Zaki, Jamil Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence |
| title | Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence |
| title_full | Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence |
| title_short | Exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings : how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self-reported other-arousal, empathy and social presence |
| title_sort | exploring the heart rate as a chronemic cue in virtual settings how perceptions of consistent and varied heart rates of a storyteller influence self reported other arousal empathy and social presence |
| topic | Social sciences::Communication Heart Rates Psychophysiological Measure |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155449 |
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