System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments
The study is to perform thermodynamic, economic and thermoeconomic assessments for two different direct immersion cooling data center systems which are the single-phase and the two-phase immersion cooling systems with the operating ranges of 3.2–27.6 kW and 6.8–15.9 kW, respectively. The two-phase c...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155513 |
| _version_ | 1824454487812603904 |
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| author | Kanbur, Baris Burak Wu, Chenlong Fan, Simiao Duan, Fei |
| author2 | School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Kanbur, Baris Burak Wu, Chenlong Fan, Simiao Duan, Fei |
| author_sort | Kanbur, Baris Burak |
| collection | NTU |
| description | The study is to perform thermodynamic, economic and thermoeconomic assessments for two different direct immersion cooling data center systems which are the single-phase and the two-phase immersion cooling systems with the operating ranges of 3.2–27.6 kW and 6.8–15.9 kW, respectively. The two-phase cooling system achieves 72–79% better coefficient of performance trends than the single-phase cooling system. According to the present worth method, the replacement and the energy costs are found as the most dominant future cost terms for the two-phase and the single-phase cooling systems, respectively. The annual exergy cost of the two-phase cooling system is found up to 4.91 times the annual energy costs due to the dominant effects of the destruction and loss terms. Moreover, both cooling data center systems are compared to the existing air-cooled data center unit. They are found economically infeasible for the server power rates below 5 kW because of their higher capital investment costs while they become more affordable for higher server power rates with lower future cost terms. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-19T03:23:06Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/155513 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T03:23:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1555132022-03-03T08:13:19Z System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments Kanbur, Baris Burak Wu, Chenlong Fan, Simiao Duan, Fei School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N) Engineering::Mechanical engineering Data Center Cooling Thermodynamic Analysis The study is to perform thermodynamic, economic and thermoeconomic assessments for two different direct immersion cooling data center systems which are the single-phase and the two-phase immersion cooling systems with the operating ranges of 3.2–27.6 kW and 6.8–15.9 kW, respectively. The two-phase cooling system achieves 72–79% better coefficient of performance trends than the single-phase cooling system. According to the present worth method, the replacement and the energy costs are found as the most dominant future cost terms for the two-phase and the single-phase cooling systems, respectively. The annual exergy cost of the two-phase cooling system is found up to 4.91 times the annual energy costs due to the dominant effects of the destruction and loss terms. Moreover, both cooling data center systems are compared to the existing air-cooled data center unit. They are found economically infeasible for the server power rates below 5 kW because of their higher capital investment costs while they become more affordable for higher server power rates with lower future cost terms. Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA) Economic Development Board (EDB) Nanyang Technological University The authors would like to thank the funding supports from the joint project of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Defense Science and Technology Agency, and the Economics Development Board Singapore - EcoCampus at NTU project. 2022-03-03T08:13:19Z 2022-03-03T08:13:19Z 2021 Journal Article Kanbur, B. B., Wu, C., Fan, S. & Duan, F. (2021). System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments. Energy, 217, 119373-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119373 0360-5442 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155513 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119373 2-s2.0-85096983791 217 119373 en Energy © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| spellingShingle | Engineering::Mechanical engineering Data Center Cooling Thermodynamic Analysis Kanbur, Baris Burak Wu, Chenlong Fan, Simiao Duan, Fei System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| title | System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| title_full | System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| title_fullStr | System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| title_full_unstemmed | System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| title_short | System-level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| title_sort | system level experimental investigations of the direct immersion cooling data center units with thermodynamic and thermoeconomic assessments |
| topic | Engineering::Mechanical engineering Data Center Cooling Thermodynamic Analysis |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155513 |
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