Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition
Colossal amounts of food waste are generated and discarded daily at the expense of financial resources and at a detriment to the environment. One such food waste, okara - a soybean by-product, is valorized in this study by upcycling it into nutritional extracts for micronutrients encapsulation. Micr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160197 |
| _version_ | 1826127184525262848 |
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| author | Kharel, Sharad Gautam, Archana Mahotra, Manish Theniko, Nasya Martin Loo, Joachim Say Chye |
| author2 | School of Materials Science and Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Materials Science and Engineering Kharel, Sharad Gautam, Archana Mahotra, Manish Theniko, Nasya Martin Loo, Joachim Say Chye |
| author_sort | Kharel, Sharad |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Colossal amounts of food waste are generated and discarded daily at the expense of financial resources and at a detriment to the environment. One such food waste, okara - a soybean by-product, is valorized in this study by upcycling it into nutritional extracts for micronutrients encapsulation. Micronutrient malnutrition, particularly in the developing world, is a major public health challenge. Herein, okara extracts were obtained through a low-cost extraction process and was subsequently developed as an encapsulant material for micronutrients β-carotene, and ferrous sulphate encapsulation, using zein as an excipient. Spray-drying, as a scalable technique, was employed to produce various formulations which were assessed for release profiles, shelf-life, β-carotene antioxidant activity and cell cytotoxicity. Finally, an optimized dual-micronutrient formulation displayed a sequential release with ferrous sulphate releasing in simulated gastric fluid, and β-carotene releasing predominantly in simulated intestinal fluid. This sequential release profile favors the absorption of both the micronutrients and could potentially enhance their bioavailability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:04:38Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/160197 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:04:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1601972022-07-23T20:11:43Z Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition Kharel, Sharad Gautam, Archana Mahotra, Manish Theniko, Nasya Martin Loo, Joachim Say Chye School of Materials Science and Engineering Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences and Engineering (SCELSE) Engineering::Bioengineering Okara Micronutrient Colossal amounts of food waste are generated and discarded daily at the expense of financial resources and at a detriment to the environment. One such food waste, okara - a soybean by-product, is valorized in this study by upcycling it into nutritional extracts for micronutrients encapsulation. Micronutrient malnutrition, particularly in the developing world, is a major public health challenge. Herein, okara extracts were obtained through a low-cost extraction process and was subsequently developed as an encapsulant material for micronutrients β-carotene, and ferrous sulphate encapsulation, using zein as an excipient. Spray-drying, as a scalable technique, was employed to produce various formulations which were assessed for release profiles, shelf-life, β-carotene antioxidant activity and cell cytotoxicity. Finally, an optimized dual-micronutrient formulation displayed a sequential release with ferrous sulphate releasing in simulated gastric fluid, and β-carotene releasing predominantly in simulated intestinal fluid. This sequential release profile favors the absorption of both the micronutrients and could potentially enhance their bioavailability. Ministry of Education (MOE) Published version The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) (MOE/RCE: M4330019.C70), Ministry of Education AcRF-Tier 1 grant (RT08/19 (S)), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1199116). 2022-07-14T08:16:10Z 2022-07-14T08:16:10Z 2021 Journal Article Kharel, S., Gautam, A., Mahotra, M., Theniko, N. M. & Loo, J. S. C. (2021). Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition. Journal of Functional Foods, 87, 104749-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104749 1756-4646 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160197 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104749 34987616 2-s2.0-85115010121 87 104749 en MOE/RCE: M4330019.C70 RT08/19 (S) Journal of Functional Foods © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Engineering::Bioengineering Okara Micronutrient Kharel, Sharad Gautam, Archana Mahotra, Manish Theniko, Nasya Martin Loo, Joachim Say Chye Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| title | Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| title_full | Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| title_fullStr | Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| title_short | Valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide/protein-extracts for co-encapsulation of β-carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| title_sort | valorizing okara waste into nutritionally rich polysaccharide protein extracts for co encapsulation of β carotene and ferrous sulphate as a potential approach to tackle micronutrient malnutrition |
| topic | Engineering::Bioengineering Okara Micronutrient |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/160197 |
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