Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives
Inspired by China’s 1964 demonstration of its nuclear capability, Indonesian President Sukarno attempted to direct Indonesia’s nuclear program toward military use. Sukarno’s openly expressed nuclear ambition shocked foreign leaders and officials and created a longstanding mystery about whether China...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2022
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/161238 |
| _version_ | 1811691037137043456 |
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| author | Zhou, Taomo |
| author2 | School of Humanities |
| author_facet | School of Humanities Zhou, Taomo |
| author_sort | Zhou, Taomo |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Inspired by China’s 1964 demonstration of its nuclear capability, Indonesian President Sukarno attempted to direct Indonesia’s nuclear program toward military use. Sukarno’s openly expressed nuclear ambition shocked foreign leaders and officials and created a longstanding mystery about whether China (PRC) exported its nuclear technologies at that time. Through unpacking three sets of contemporaneous Chinese archival materials, this article unveils the details of Indonesian research and military personnel visits to PRC nuclear sites and the nature of bilateral political and academic discussions on nuclear weapons. It argues that, while there was no movement of nuclear fuel or hardware between the two countries, Sino-Indonesian exchanges reveal the fluidity of individual political players’ ideologies (including those of left-leaning politicians, anticommunists, and neutralists), the complexity of bilateral relations, and the paradoxical quality of Third World solidarity in the atomic age. Many of the military and technical experts who approached Beijing for nuclear aid peacefully transitioned into the Suharto era and achieved personal success, quite unlike the experiences of “pro-China” Indonesian politicians who weren’t favorably associated with the nuclear program. Ideological fissures persisted between the two countries even when they shared substantial mutual interests in the short term. But those schisms sometimes appeared to be invisible to the United States and Soviet Union, which at the time were anxious to rein in potential nuclear proliferators in the Third World, and particularly in the Asia-Pacific region against the backdrop of the ongoing conflict in Vietnam. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:13:31Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/161238 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:13:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1612382023-03-11T20:06:25Z Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives Zhou, Taomo School of Humanities Humanities::History::Asia::Indonesia Sukarno Nuclear Inspired by China’s 1964 demonstration of its nuclear capability, Indonesian President Sukarno attempted to direct Indonesia’s nuclear program toward military use. Sukarno’s openly expressed nuclear ambition shocked foreign leaders and officials and created a longstanding mystery about whether China (PRC) exported its nuclear technologies at that time. Through unpacking three sets of contemporaneous Chinese archival materials, this article unveils the details of Indonesian research and military personnel visits to PRC nuclear sites and the nature of bilateral political and academic discussions on nuclear weapons. It argues that, while there was no movement of nuclear fuel or hardware between the two countries, Sino-Indonesian exchanges reveal the fluidity of individual political players’ ideologies (including those of left-leaning politicians, anticommunists, and neutralists), the complexity of bilateral relations, and the paradoxical quality of Third World solidarity in the atomic age. Many of the military and technical experts who approached Beijing for nuclear aid peacefully transitioned into the Suharto era and achieved personal success, quite unlike the experiences of “pro-China” Indonesian politicians who weren’t favorably associated with the nuclear program. Ideological fissures persisted between the two countries even when they shared substantial mutual interests in the short term. But those schisms sometimes appeared to be invisible to the United States and Soviet Union, which at the time were anxious to rein in potential nuclear proliferators in the Third World, and particularly in the Asia-Pacific region against the backdrop of the ongoing conflict in Vietnam. Published version 2022-08-22T05:14:01Z 2022-08-22T05:14:01Z 2019 Journal Article Zhou, T. (2019). Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives. Indonesia, 108(October 2019), 89-120. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ind.2019.0014 0019-7289 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/161238 10.1353/ind.2019.0014 2-s2.0-85127708075 October 2019 108 89 120 en Indonesia © 2019 Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Indonesia and is made available with permission of Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Humanities::History::Asia::Indonesia Sukarno Nuclear Zhou, Taomo Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives |
| title | Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives |
| title_full | Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives |
| title_fullStr | Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives |
| title_short | Sukarno’s nuclear ambitions and China: documents from the Chinese foreign ministry archives |
| title_sort | sukarno s nuclear ambitions and china documents from the chinese foreign ministry archives |
| topic | Humanities::History::Asia::Indonesia Sukarno Nuclear |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/161238 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhoutaomo sukarnosnuclearambitionsandchinadocumentsfromthechineseforeignministryarchives |