The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion
Owing to the rapid cooling rates and directional thermal gradients involved, fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes yield complex, fine solidification structures that impart anisotropic mechanical properties in materials, such as stainless steel 316L (SS316L). In this work, we present a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/162001 |
| _version_ | 1826113530707836928 |
|---|---|
| author | Tekumalla, Sravya Selvarajou, Balaji Raman, Sudharshan Gao, Shubo Seita, Matteo |
| author2 | School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Tekumalla, Sravya Selvarajou, Balaji Raman, Sudharshan Gao, Shubo Seita, Matteo |
| author_sort | Tekumalla, Sravya |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Owing to the rapid cooling rates and directional thermal gradients involved, fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes yield complex, fine solidification structures that impart anisotropic mechanical properties in materials, such as stainless steel 316L (SS316L). In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the mechanical anisotropy of SS316L produced by laser powder bed fusion using instrumented nanoindentation. We produce and test near-single crystal samples oriented along the three principal crystallographic axes—namely ⟨100⟩, ⟨110⟩, and ⟨111⟩—using a Berkovich indenter. We find that the ⟨111⟩ and ⟨100⟩ orientations exhibit the highest and the lowest hardness, respectively. To decouple the contributions of grain orientation and solidification structure to the alloy's mechanical anisotropy, we compare our experimental results against crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. We ascribe the hardness anisotropy in SS316L to the cell spacing along the slip direction (CSSD), which is a novel metric that we introduce to account for the role of the solidification structure on plasticity. Our work provides a universal pathway to understanding the microstructure-property relationships in cubic metallic materials that exhibit solidification structures,such as those commonly imparted by fusion-based AM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:24:44Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/162001 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:24:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1620012022-10-01T23:31:38Z The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion Tekumalla, Sravya Selvarajou, Balaji Raman, Sudharshan Gao, Shubo Seita, Matteo School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Singapore Centre for 3D Printing Engineering::Materials Engineering::Mechanical engineering Laser Powder Bed Fusion Anisotropy Owing to the rapid cooling rates and directional thermal gradients involved, fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes yield complex, fine solidification structures that impart anisotropic mechanical properties in materials, such as stainless steel 316L (SS316L). In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the mechanical anisotropy of SS316L produced by laser powder bed fusion using instrumented nanoindentation. We produce and test near-single crystal samples oriented along the three principal crystallographic axes—namely ⟨100⟩, ⟨110⟩, and ⟨111⟩—using a Berkovich indenter. We find that the ⟨111⟩ and ⟨100⟩ orientations exhibit the highest and the lowest hardness, respectively. To decouple the contributions of grain orientation and solidification structure to the alloy's mechanical anisotropy, we compare our experimental results against crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. We ascribe the hardness anisotropy in SS316L to the cell spacing along the slip direction (CSSD), which is a novel metric that we introduce to account for the role of the solidification structure on plasticity. Our work provides a universal pathway to understanding the microstructure-property relationships in cubic metallic materials that exhibit solidification structures,such as those commonly imparted by fusion-based AM. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Nanyang Technological University National Research Foundation (NRF) Published version This work was supported by the NTU Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship (Grant number: 04INS000761C160), National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore, under the NRF Fellowship program (NRF-NRFF2018-05), and A*STAR, Singapore under the Structural Metals and Alloys Program (Grant number: A18B1b0061). 2022-09-28T08:14:32Z 2022-09-28T08:14:32Z 2022 Journal Article Tekumalla, S., Selvarajou, B., Raman, S., Gao, S. & Seita, M. (2022). The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion. Materials Science and Engineering A, 833, 142493-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142493 0921-5093 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/162001 10.1016/j.msea.2021.142493 2-s2.0-85122059506 833 142493 en 04INS000761C160 NRF-NRFF2018-05 A18B1b0061 Materials Science and Engineering A © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Engineering::Materials Engineering::Mechanical engineering Laser Powder Bed Fusion Anisotropy Tekumalla, Sravya Selvarajou, Balaji Raman, Sudharshan Gao, Shubo Seita, Matteo The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| title | The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| title_full | The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| title_fullStr | The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| title_short | The role of the solidification structure on orientation-dependent hardness in stainless steel 316L produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| title_sort | role of the solidification structure on orientation dependent hardness in stainless steel 316l produced by laser powder bed fusion |
| topic | Engineering::Materials Engineering::Mechanical engineering Laser Powder Bed Fusion Anisotropy |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/162001 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tekumallasravya theroleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT selvarajoubalaji theroleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT ramansudharshan theroleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT gaoshubo theroleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT seitamatteo theroleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT tekumallasravya roleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT selvarajoubalaji roleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT ramansudharshan roleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT gaoshubo roleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion AT seitamatteo roleofthesolidificationstructureonorientationdependenthardnessinstainlesssteel316lproducedbylaserpowderbedfusion |