Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles
The 1963–1967 shallow-to-emergent eruption in Iceland’s Vestmannaeyjar earned a place in the history of volcanology by creating the island of Surtsey while under close observation of volcanologist Sigurdur Thorarinsson (Sigurður Þórarinsson in Icelandic). This is an example of what is now called Sur...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165205 |
| _version_ | 1811685645570015232 |
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| author | Verolino, Andrea White, James D. L. Baxter, Rachael J. M. Schipper, C. Ian Thordarson, Thor |
| author2 | Earth Observatory of Singapore |
| author_facet | Earth Observatory of Singapore Verolino, Andrea White, James D. L. Baxter, Rachael J. M. Schipper, C. Ian Thordarson, Thor |
| author_sort | Verolino, Andrea |
| collection | NTU |
| description | The 1963–1967 shallow-to-emergent eruption in Iceland’s Vestmannaeyjar earned a place in the history of volcanology by creating the island of Surtsey while under close observation of volcanologist Sigurdur Thorarinsson (Sigurður Þórarinsson in Icelandic). This is an example of what is now called Surtseyan volcanism, and it included explosive and effusive phases from multiple vents that formed the island of Surtsey itself, as well as one fully subaqueous pyroclastic edifice and two additional, but ephemeral, islands. Sigurdur Thorarinsson identified tephra jetting and continuous uprush as characteristic types of subaerial explosive activity of Surtseyan volcanism. Subaerial cone-forming deposits of Surtseyan volcanism are typically poorly sorted, with fine-grained beds rich in sideromelane ash fragments, punctuated by larger, ubiquitously composite bombs, whereas deposits sampled by coring deep into the submarine edifice include fines-poor horizons dominated by vesicular coarse sideromelane ash. Here, we present new textural data and highlight the diversity of pyroclasts and microtextures from Surtsey (Surtur I and Surtur II) and its satellite vents (Surtla, Syrtlingur and Jolnir), in the context of Surtseyan volcanism. We used several sample sets. Some were collected during the 3.5-year long eruption and were conserved in the Icelandic Natural History Museum, including one sample from the core drilled into Surtsey in 1979. Other samples were collected during more recent field campaigns on Surtsey Island. In closing, we discuss the implications of this diversity for the range of activity and products produced by Surtsey. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T04:47:49Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/165205 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T04:47:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1652052023-03-21T15:36:27Z Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles Verolino, Andrea White, James D. L. Baxter, Rachael J. M. Schipper, C. Ian Thordarson, Thor Earth Observatory of Singapore Science::Geology Surtsey Surtseyan Volcanism The 1963–1967 shallow-to-emergent eruption in Iceland’s Vestmannaeyjar earned a place in the history of volcanology by creating the island of Surtsey while under close observation of volcanologist Sigurdur Thorarinsson (Sigurður Þórarinsson in Icelandic). This is an example of what is now called Surtseyan volcanism, and it included explosive and effusive phases from multiple vents that formed the island of Surtsey itself, as well as one fully subaqueous pyroclastic edifice and two additional, but ephemeral, islands. Sigurdur Thorarinsson identified tephra jetting and continuous uprush as characteristic types of subaerial explosive activity of Surtseyan volcanism. Subaerial cone-forming deposits of Surtseyan volcanism are typically poorly sorted, with fine-grained beds rich in sideromelane ash fragments, punctuated by larger, ubiquitously composite bombs, whereas deposits sampled by coring deep into the submarine edifice include fines-poor horizons dominated by vesicular coarse sideromelane ash. Here, we present new textural data and highlight the diversity of pyroclasts and microtextures from Surtsey (Surtur I and Surtur II) and its satellite vents (Surtla, Syrtlingur and Jolnir), in the context of Surtseyan volcanism. We used several sample sets. Some were collected during the 3.5-year long eruption and were conserved in the Icelandic Natural History Museum, including one sample from the core drilled into Surtsey in 1979. Other samples were collected during more recent field campaigns on Surtsey Island. In closing, we discuss the implications of this diversity for the range of activity and products produced by Surtsey. Published version This research was supported by a University of Otago Publishing Bursary (A.V.), University of Otago Research Grant Funds and subcontracts from GNS Science (J.D.L.W. and R.J.M.B.), Otago Summer student scholarship (R.J.M.B.) and a Postdoctoral Fellowship from l’Université d’Orléans (C.I.S.). 2023-03-20T05:22:19Z 2023-03-20T05:22:19Z 2022 Journal Article Verolino, A., White, J. D. L., Baxter, R. J. M., Schipper, C. I. & Thordarson, T. (2022). Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles. Geosciences, 12(2), 79-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020079 2076-3263 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165205 10.3390/geosciences12020079 2-s2.0-85124743226 2 12 79 en Geosciences © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Science::Geology Surtsey Surtseyan Volcanism Verolino, Andrea White, James D. L. Baxter, Rachael J. M. Schipper, C. Ian Thordarson, Thor Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles |
| title | Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles |
| title_full | Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles |
| title_short | Characteristics of sub-aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the Surtsey eruption deposits: implications for diverse Surtseyan eruptive styles |
| title_sort | characteristics of sub aerially emplaced pyroclasts in the surtsey eruption deposits implications for diverse surtseyan eruptive styles |
| topic | Science::Geology Surtsey Surtseyan Volcanism |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165205 |
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