Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift
The flow of Pacific water into the Indian Ocean via the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC) plays an important role in the ocean thermohaline circulation providing the only low-latitude pathway for the inter-ocean exchange of heat and salt. The transport of the SCS and Indonesian throu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165585 |
| _version_ | 1811694064698916864 |
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| author | Kannad, Ankitha Goodkin, Nathalie F. Samanta, Dhrubajyoti Murty, Sujata A. Ramos, Riovie D. Smerdon, Jason E. Gordon, Arnold L. |
| author2 | Asian School of the Environment |
| author_facet | Asian School of the Environment Kannad, Ankitha Goodkin, Nathalie F. Samanta, Dhrubajyoti Murty, Sujata A. Ramos, Riovie D. Smerdon, Jason E. Gordon, Arnold L. |
| author_sort | Kannad, Ankitha |
| collection | NTU |
| description | The flow of Pacific water into the Indian Ocean via the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC) plays an important role in the ocean thermohaline circulation providing the only low-latitude pathway for the inter-ocean exchange of heat and salt. The transport of the SCS and Indonesian throughflows is modulated by the East Asian monsoon and major climate modes associated with the Pacific and Indian Oceans. As an indicator of surface layer buoyancy, sea surface salinity (SSS) is critical to rates of exchange but instrumental records of SSS are short and sparse. Using empirical orthogonal functions, a synthesis of proxy-based reconstructions of SSS from coral δ18O is used to study the role of climate variability on long-term SSS behavior in the region. The leading mode of SSS variability in the boreal winter and summer responds to the influence of the 1976 Indo-Pacific climate shift. At multi-decadal timescales, only the East Asian monsoon and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) retain their signal in winter and summer SSS after 1976. At higher frequencies, winter SSS shifts from having a strong East Asian monsoon signal to a more dominant impact of the IOD and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) following the shift. In the summer, only a change in ENSO's influence on SSS variability is observed after 1976. The recent intensification and dominance of the IOD and ENSO in driving SSS variability in the SCS and MC may influence circulation in the regional throughflows and perhaps global thermohaline circulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:01:38Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/165585 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:01:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1655852023-04-03T15:31:43Z Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift Kannad, Ankitha Goodkin, Nathalie F. Samanta, Dhrubajyoti Murty, Sujata A. Ramos, Riovie D. Smerdon, Jason E. Gordon, Arnold L. Asian School of the Environment Earth Observatory of Singapore Science::Geology Indo-Pacific Climate Shift Sea Surface Salinity The flow of Pacific water into the Indian Ocean via the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC) plays an important role in the ocean thermohaline circulation providing the only low-latitude pathway for the inter-ocean exchange of heat and salt. The transport of the SCS and Indonesian throughflows is modulated by the East Asian monsoon and major climate modes associated with the Pacific and Indian Oceans. As an indicator of surface layer buoyancy, sea surface salinity (SSS) is critical to rates of exchange but instrumental records of SSS are short and sparse. Using empirical orthogonal functions, a synthesis of proxy-based reconstructions of SSS from coral δ18O is used to study the role of climate variability on long-term SSS behavior in the region. The leading mode of SSS variability in the boreal winter and summer responds to the influence of the 1976 Indo-Pacific climate shift. At multi-decadal timescales, only the East Asian monsoon and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) retain their signal in winter and summer SSS after 1976. At higher frequencies, winter SSS shifts from having a strong East Asian monsoon signal to a more dominant impact of the IOD and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) following the shift. In the summer, only a change in ENSO's influence on SSS variability is observed after 1976. The recent intensification and dominance of the IOD and ENSO in driving SSS variability in the SCS and MC may influence circulation in the regional throughflows and perhaps global thermohaline circulation. Ministry of Education (MOE) Published version This research is supported by the Helen Gurley Brown Foundation and the American Museum of Natural History through the Helen Fellowship Post-Baccalaureate Residency. This work was also supported by the US National Science Foundation under AGS-2101214 (J. E. Smerdon) and AGS—2002083 (S. A. Murty). D. Samanta was partially supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE2019-T3-1-004. 2023-04-03T05:00:52Z 2023-04-03T05:00:52Z 2022 Journal Article Kannad, A., Goodkin, N. F., Samanta, D., Murty, S. A., Ramos, R. D., Smerdon, J. E. & Gordon, A. L. (2022). Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017787 2169-9291 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165585 10.1029/2021JC017787 2-s2.0-85133337990 6 127 en MOE2019-T3-1-004 Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Science::Geology Indo-Pacific Climate Shift Sea Surface Salinity Kannad, Ankitha Goodkin, Nathalie F. Samanta, Dhrubajyoti Murty, Sujata A. Ramos, Riovie D. Smerdon, Jason E. Gordon, Arnold L. Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift |
| title | Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift |
| title_full | Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift |
| title_fullStr | Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift |
| title_short | Drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent: the influence of the 1976 Indo‐Pacific climate shift |
| title_sort | drivers of coral reconstructed salinity in the south china sea and maritime continent the influence of the 1976 indo pacific climate shift |
| topic | Science::Geology Indo-Pacific Climate Shift Sea Surface Salinity |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165585 |
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