Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries
Background: The extent to which digital technologies are employed to promote the delivery of high-quality healthcare is known as Digital Maturity. Individual and systemic digital maturity are both necessary to ensure a successful, scalable and sustainable digital transformation in healthcare. Howeve...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169807 |
| _version_ | 1826116957925015552 |
|---|---|
| author | Teixeira, Fábia Li, Edmond Laranjo, Liliana Collins, Claire Irving, Greg Fernandez, Maria Jose Car, Josip Ungan, Mehmet Petek, Davorina Hoffman, Robert Majeed, Azeem Nessler, Katarzyna Lingner, Heidrun Jimenez, Geronimo Darzi, Ara Jácome, Cristina Neves, Ana Luísa |
| author2 | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) |
| author_facet | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Teixeira, Fábia Li, Edmond Laranjo, Liliana Collins, Claire Irving, Greg Fernandez, Maria Jose Car, Josip Ungan, Mehmet Petek, Davorina Hoffman, Robert Majeed, Azeem Nessler, Katarzyna Lingner, Heidrun Jimenez, Geronimo Darzi, Ara Jácome, Cristina Neves, Ana Luísa |
| author_sort | Teixeira, Fábia |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Background: The extent to which digital technologies are employed to promote the delivery of high-quality healthcare is known as Digital Maturity. Individual and systemic digital maturity are both necessary to ensure a successful, scalable and sustainable digital transformation in healthcare. However, digital maturity in primary care has been scarcely evaluated.
Objectives: This study assessed the digital maturity in General Practice (GP) globally and evaluated its association with participants' demographic characteristics, practice characteristics and features of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) use.
Methods: GPs across 20 countries completed an online questionnaire between June and September 2020. Demographic data, practice characteristics, and features of EHRs use were collected. Digital maturity was evaluated through a framework based on usage, resources and abilities (divided in this study in its collective and individual components), interoperability, general evaluation methods and impact of digital technologies. Each dimension was rated as 1 or 0. The digital maturity score was calculated as the sum of the six dimensions and ranged between 0 to 6 (maximum digital maturity). Multivariable linear regression was used to model the total score, while multivariable logistic regression was used to model the probability of meeting each dimension of the score.
Results: One thousand six hundred GPs (61% female, 68% Europeans) participated. GPs had a median digital maturity of 4 (P25–P75: 3–5). Positive associations with digital maturity were found with: male gender [B = 0.18 (95% CI 0.01; 0.36)], use of EHRs for longer periods [B = 0.45 (95% CI 0.35; 0.54)] and higher frequencies of access to EHRs [B = 0.33 (95% CI 0.17; 0.48)]. Practicing in a rural setting was negatively associated with digital maturity [B = −0.25 (95%CI −0.43; −0.08)]. Usage (90%) was the most acknowledged dimension while interoperability (47%) and use of best practice general evaluation methods (28%) were the least. Shorter durations of EHRs use were negatively associated with all digital maturity dimensions (aOR from 0.09 to 0.77).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated notable factors that impact digital maturity and exposed discrepancies in digital transformation across healthcare settings. It provides guidance for policymakers to develop more efficacious interventions to hasten the digital transformation of General Practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T04:19:55Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/169807 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T04:19:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1698072023-08-13T15:37:26Z Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries Teixeira, Fábia Li, Edmond Laranjo, Liliana Collins, Claire Irving, Greg Fernandez, Maria Jose Car, Josip Ungan, Mehmet Petek, Davorina Hoffman, Robert Majeed, Azeem Nessler, Katarzyna Lingner, Heidrun Jimenez, Geronimo Darzi, Ara Jácome, Cristina Neves, Ana Luísa Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Center for Population Health Sciences Science::Medicine Primary Care Quality of Care Background: The extent to which digital technologies are employed to promote the delivery of high-quality healthcare is known as Digital Maturity. Individual and systemic digital maturity are both necessary to ensure a successful, scalable and sustainable digital transformation in healthcare. However, digital maturity in primary care has been scarcely evaluated. Objectives: This study assessed the digital maturity in General Practice (GP) globally and evaluated its association with participants' demographic characteristics, practice characteristics and features of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) use. Methods: GPs across 20 countries completed an online questionnaire between June and September 2020. Demographic data, practice characteristics, and features of EHRs use were collected. Digital maturity was evaluated through a framework based on usage, resources and abilities (divided in this study in its collective and individual components), interoperability, general evaluation methods and impact of digital technologies. Each dimension was rated as 1 or 0. The digital maturity score was calculated as the sum of the six dimensions and ranged between 0 to 6 (maximum digital maturity). Multivariable linear regression was used to model the total score, while multivariable logistic regression was used to model the probability of meeting each dimension of the score. Results: One thousand six hundred GPs (61% female, 68% Europeans) participated. GPs had a median digital maturity of 4 (P25–P75: 3–5). Positive associations with digital maturity were found with: male gender [B = 0.18 (95% CI 0.01; 0.36)], use of EHRs for longer periods [B = 0.45 (95% CI 0.35; 0.54)] and higher frequencies of access to EHRs [B = 0.33 (95% CI 0.17; 0.48)]. Practicing in a rural setting was negatively associated with digital maturity [B = −0.25 (95%CI −0.43; −0.08)]. Usage (90%) was the most acknowledged dimension while interoperability (47%) and use of best practice general evaluation methods (28%) were the least. Shorter durations of EHRs use were negatively associated with all digital maturity dimensions (aOR from 0.09 to 0.77). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated notable factors that impact digital maturity and exposed discrepancies in digital transformation across healthcare settings. It provides guidance for policymakers to develop more efficacious interventions to hasten the digital transformation of General Practice. Published version This project was supported by a grant from the European General Practice Research Network. AN, EL, and AD are funded by Imperial NIHR Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, with infrastructure support from the Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. 2023-08-07T01:07:39Z 2023-08-07T01:07:39Z 2023 Journal Article Teixeira, F., Li, E., Laranjo, L., Collins, C., Irving, G., Fernandez, M. J., Car, J., Ungan, M., Petek, D., Hoffman, R., Majeed, A., Nessler, K., Lingner, H., Jimenez, G., Darzi, A., Jácome, C. & Neves, A. L. (2023). Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 962924-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.962924 2296-2565 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169807 10.3389/fpubh.2022.962924 36711349 2-s2.0-85147069315 10 962924 en Frontiers in Public Health © 2023 Teixeira, Li, Laranjo, Collins, Irving, Fernandez, Car, Ungan, Petek, Homan, Majeed, Nessler, Lingner, Jimenez, Darzi, Jácome and Neves. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Science::Medicine Primary Care Quality of Care Teixeira, Fábia Li, Edmond Laranjo, Liliana Collins, Claire Irving, Greg Fernandez, Maria Jose Car, Josip Ungan, Mehmet Petek, Davorina Hoffman, Robert Majeed, Azeem Nessler, Katarzyna Lingner, Heidrun Jimenez, Geronimo Darzi, Ara Jácome, Cristina Neves, Ana Luísa Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries |
| title | Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries |
| title_full | Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries |
| title_fullStr | Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries |
| title_short | Digital maturity and its determinants in general practice: a cross-sectional study in 20 countries |
| title_sort | digital maturity and its determinants in general practice a cross sectional study in 20 countries |
| topic | Science::Medicine Primary Care Quality of Care |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169807 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teixeirafabia digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT liedmond digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT laranjoliliana digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT collinsclaire digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT irvinggreg digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT fernandezmariajose digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT carjosip digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT unganmehmet digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT petekdavorina digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT hoffmanrobert digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT majeedazeem digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT nesslerkatarzyna digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT lingnerheidrun digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT jimenezgeronimo digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT darziara digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT jacomecristina digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries AT nevesanaluisa digitalmaturityanditsdeterminantsingeneralpracticeacrosssectionalstudyin20countries |