COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant appears to cause milder infections, however, its capacity for immune evasion and high transmissibility despite vaccination remains a concern, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we investigate the incidence and risk factors for COVID-19 infec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169995 |
| _version_ | 1811677467523416064 |
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| author | Yeo, Tianrong Siew, Rachel Wan En Gulam, Muhammad Yaaseen Tye, Janis Siew Noi Aw, Amelia Yun Yi Sivalingam, Thanushiree Peng, Xuejuan Yong, Kok Pin Saffari, Seyed Ehsan Chao, Yinxia Tan, Kevin |
| author2 | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) |
| author_facet | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) Yeo, Tianrong Siew, Rachel Wan En Gulam, Muhammad Yaaseen Tye, Janis Siew Noi Aw, Amelia Yun Yi Sivalingam, Thanushiree Peng, Xuejuan Yong, Kok Pin Saffari, Seyed Ehsan Chao, Yinxia Tan, Kevin |
| author_sort | Yeo, Tianrong |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant appears to cause milder infections, however, its capacity for immune evasion and high transmissibility despite vaccination remains a concern, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we investigate the incidence and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in vaccinated adult patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Aquaporin-4-antibody Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (AQP4-Ab NMOSD), and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. Only patients who had at least two doses of mRNA vaccines were included. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, COVID19 infections and vaccinations, and immunotherapies were collected. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies were measured at various time points after vaccination. Results: Two hundred and one patients were included; 47 had COVID-19 infection during the study period. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that receipt of a third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (V3) was protective against COVID-19 infection. No particular immunotherapy group increased the risk of infection, however, Cox proportional-hazards regression showed that patients on anti-CD20s and sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators (S1PRMs) had a shorter time to infection after V3, compared to those on other immunotherapies or not on immunotherapy. Conclusions: The Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 is highly infectious in patients with central nervous system inflammatory diseases; three doses of mRNA vaccination improved protection. However, treatment with anti-CD20s and S1PRMs predisposed patients to earlier infection. Future studies are required to determine the protective efficacy of newer bivalent vaccines that target the Omicron (sub)variant, especially in immunocompromised patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:37:50Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/169995 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:37:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1699952023-08-21T02:41:20Z COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore Yeo, Tianrong Siew, Rachel Wan En Gulam, Muhammad Yaaseen Tye, Janis Siew Noi Aw, Amelia Yun Yi Sivalingam, Thanushiree Peng, Xuejuan Yong, Kok Pin Saffari, Seyed Ehsan Chao, Yinxia Tan, Kevin Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) National Neuroscience Institute Duke-NUS Medical School Science::Medicine COVID Vaccination Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant appears to cause milder infections, however, its capacity for immune evasion and high transmissibility despite vaccination remains a concern, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we investigate the incidence and risk factors for COVID-19 infection in vaccinated adult patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Aquaporin-4-antibody Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (AQP4-Ab NMOSD), and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. Only patients who had at least two doses of mRNA vaccines were included. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, COVID19 infections and vaccinations, and immunotherapies were collected. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies were measured at various time points after vaccination. Results: Two hundred and one patients were included; 47 had COVID-19 infection during the study period. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that receipt of a third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (V3) was protective against COVID-19 infection. No particular immunotherapy group increased the risk of infection, however, Cox proportional-hazards regression showed that patients on anti-CD20s and sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators (S1PRMs) had a shorter time to infection after V3, compared to those on other immunotherapies or not on immunotherapy. Conclusions: The Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 is highly infectious in patients with central nervous system inflammatory diseases; three doses of mRNA vaccination improved protection. However, treatment with anti-CD20s and S1PRMs predisposed patients to earlier infection. Future studies are required to determine the protective efficacy of newer bivalent vaccines that target the Omicron (sub)variant, especially in immunocompromised patients. Ministry of Health (MOH) National Medical Research Council (NMRC) This study was supported by the National Neuroscience Institute (NNI) Neuroimmunology Academic Fund. Tianrong Yeo is funded by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council Transition Award (MOH-TA20nov-002). Yinxia Chao is funded by the National Medical Research Council (NMRC/ CSAINV20nov-0015 and OFLCG18May-0026). 2023-08-21T02:41:19Z 2023-08-21T02:41:19Z 2023 Journal Article Yeo, T., Siew, R. W. E., Gulam, M. Y., Tye, J. S. N., Aw, A. Y. Y., Sivalingam, T., Peng, X., Yong, K. P., Saffari, S. E., Chao, Y. & Tan, K. (2023). COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore. Journal of Neurology, 270(6), 2817-2825. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11692-4 0340-5354 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169995 10.1007/s00415-023-11692-4 37027019 2-s2.0-85152029639 6 270 2817 2825 en MOH-TA20nov-002 Journal of Neurology © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2023. All rights reserved. |
| spellingShingle | Science::Medicine COVID Vaccination Yeo, Tianrong Siew, Rachel Wan En Gulam, Muhammad Yaaseen Tye, Janis Siew Noi Aw, Amelia Yun Yi Sivalingam, Thanushiree Peng, Xuejuan Yong, Kok Pin Saffari, Seyed Ehsan Chao, Yinxia Tan, Kevin COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore |
| title | COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore |
| title_full | COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore |
| title_short | COVID-19 infection after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis, AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOGAD patients during the Omicron subvariant BA.1/2 wave in Singapore |
| title_sort | covid 19 infection after sars cov 2 mrna vaccination in multiple sclerosis aqp4 antibody nmosd and mogad patients during the omicron subvariant ba 1 2 wave in singapore |
| topic | Science::Medicine COVID Vaccination |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/169995 |
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