Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore
Ammonia is identified as a potential marine fuel, and ammonia bunkering will take place in major bunkering ports, including Singapore. Due to its toxic nature, any accidental release of ammonia into the environment during bunkering operation has a risk of spreading rapidly and causing injury to the...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/170120 |
| _version_ | 1826114328813633536 |
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| author | Ng, Clara Kay Leng Liu, Ming Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee Yang, Mengyao |
| author2 | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Ng, Clara Kay Leng Liu, Ming Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee Yang, Mengyao |
| author_sort | Ng, Clara Kay Leng |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Ammonia is identified as a potential marine fuel, and ammonia bunkering will take place in major bunkering ports, including Singapore. Due to its toxic nature, any accidental release of ammonia into the environment during bunkering operation has a risk of spreading rapidly and causing injury to the personnel in the vicinity and damage to the marine ecosystem. This safety study simulates how key operational parameters affect ammonia dispersion and the consequences. The results show that bunkering ammonia stored in fully-refrigerated tanks as an atmospheric pressure saturated liquid is the safest, and the severity of the consequence increases significantly with a release height of more than 5 m. A vertical release of ammonia results in the most severe consequence and shall be avoided at all times. Reducing the release duration and transfer flow rate can reduce the severity significantly. Based on the scenario used in this study, ammonia cloud disperses over a longer distance over water due to the high vaporisation rate driven by the large amount of heat generated from the dissolution of ammonia in seawater. The dispersion of ammonia over the sea spreads over a larger area during the day than at night. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:37:23Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/170120 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T03:37:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1701202023-08-29T01:17:03Z Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore Ng, Clara Kay Leng Liu, Ming Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee Yang, Mengyao School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Maritime Energy and Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence Engineering::Maritime studies Ammonia Bunkering Accidental Ammonia Release Ammonia is identified as a potential marine fuel, and ammonia bunkering will take place in major bunkering ports, including Singapore. Due to its toxic nature, any accidental release of ammonia into the environment during bunkering operation has a risk of spreading rapidly and causing injury to the personnel in the vicinity and damage to the marine ecosystem. This safety study simulates how key operational parameters affect ammonia dispersion and the consequences. The results show that bunkering ammonia stored in fully-refrigerated tanks as an atmospheric pressure saturated liquid is the safest, and the severity of the consequence increases significantly with a release height of more than 5 m. A vertical release of ammonia results in the most severe consequence and shall be avoided at all times. Reducing the release duration and transfer flow rate can reduce the severity significantly. Based on the scenario used in this study, ammonia cloud disperses over a longer distance over water due to the high vaporisation rate driven by the large amount of heat generated from the dissolution of ammonia in seawater. The dispersion of ammonia over the sea spreads over a larger area during the day than at night. Singapore Maritime Institute (SMI) Authors wish to acknowledge that the research is supported by the Singapore Maritime Institute through the Maritime Energy and Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence. 2023-08-29T01:17:03Z 2023-08-29T01:17:03Z 2023 Journal Article Ng, C. K. L., Liu, M., Lam, J. S. L. & Yang, M. (2023). Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 452, 131281-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131281 0304-3894 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/170120 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131281 36989780 2-s2.0-85151041810 452 131281 en Journal of Hazardous Materials © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| spellingShingle | Engineering::Maritime studies Ammonia Bunkering Accidental Ammonia Release Ng, Clara Kay Leng Liu, Ming Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee Yang, Mengyao Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore |
| title | Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore |
| title_full | Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore |
| title_fullStr | Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore |
| title_short | Accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering: dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in Singapore |
| title_sort | accidental release of ammonia during ammonia bunkering dispersion behaviour under the influence of operational and weather conditions in singapore |
| topic | Engineering::Maritime studies Ammonia Bunkering Accidental Ammonia Release |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/170120 |
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