Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud
Field surveys following the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami showed that mud tsunami deposits reached close to the tsunami inundation limit. However, the factors controlling the distribution of mud tsunami deposits remained unclear. We investigated these influencing factors by numerically simulating sand and...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171392 |
| _version_ | 1811687972642226176 |
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| author | Watanabe, Masashi Goto, Kazuhisa Abe, Tomoya |
| author2 | Earth Observatory of Singapore |
| author_facet | Earth Observatory of Singapore Watanabe, Masashi Goto, Kazuhisa Abe, Tomoya |
| author_sort | Watanabe, Masashi |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Field surveys following the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami showed that mud tsunami deposits reached close to the tsunami inundation limit. However, the factors controlling the distribution of mud tsunami deposits remained unclear. We investigated these influencing factors by numerically simulating sand and mud transport after validating the tsunami inundation and distributions of sand and mud deposits during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami based on our sensitivity analysis of parameters used in the mud and sand sediment simulations. We have revealed that when the source of mud sediments is only on the seafloor (i.e., no terrestrial source), mud is deposited along less than 10% of the inundation distance. In contrast, if a terrestrial source of mud is present, mud deposits can cover 100% of the inundation distance. We have also revealed that mud sediments are not formed when topographic slopes are steep (1/20–1/500), irrespective of a terrestrial mud source, because flow stagnation does not occur. Therefore, to reproduce past inundation ranges of tsunamis from the distribution of mud deposits, two conditions are required: (a) regions with onshore mud sediments and (b) a gentle topographic slope (around 1/1,000) to allow for long-time (more than 100 min) flow stagnation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:24:48Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/171392 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:24:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1713922023-10-24T15:36:36Z Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud Watanabe, Masashi Goto, Kazuhisa Abe, Tomoya Earth Observatory of Singapore Science::Geology Sediment Transport Tsunami Deposit Field surveys following the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami showed that mud tsunami deposits reached close to the tsunami inundation limit. However, the factors controlling the distribution of mud tsunami deposits remained unclear. We investigated these influencing factors by numerically simulating sand and mud transport after validating the tsunami inundation and distributions of sand and mud deposits during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami based on our sensitivity analysis of parameters used in the mud and sand sediment simulations. We have revealed that when the source of mud sediments is only on the seafloor (i.e., no terrestrial source), mud is deposited along less than 10% of the inundation distance. In contrast, if a terrestrial source of mud is present, mud deposits can cover 100% of the inundation distance. We have also revealed that mud sediments are not formed when topographic slopes are steep (1/20–1/500), irrespective of a terrestrial mud source, because flow stagnation does not occur. Therefore, to reproduce past inundation ranges of tsunamis from the distribution of mud deposits, two conditions are required: (a) regions with onshore mud sediments and (b) a gentle topographic slope (around 1/1,000) to allow for long-time (more than 100 min) flow stagnation. Published version This research was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant 22K14455. 2023-10-24T02:00:29Z 2023-10-24T02:00:29Z 2023 Journal Article Watanabe, M., Goto, K. & Abe, T. (2023). Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 128(9). https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007137 2169-9003 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171392 10.1029/2023JF007137 2-s2.0-85170059706 9 128 en Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface © 2023 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the copyright holder. The Version of Record is available online at http://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007137 application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Science::Geology Sediment Transport Tsunami Deposit Watanabe, Masashi Goto, Kazuhisa Abe, Tomoya Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud |
| title | Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud |
| title_full | Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud |
| title_fullStr | Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud |
| title_short | Can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis? Insights from sediment-transport simulations for sand and mud |
| title_sort | can mud deposits indicate inundation extent of paleotsunamis insights from sediment transport simulations for sand and mud |
| topic | Science::Geology Sediment Transport Tsunami Deposit |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/171392 |
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