Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks
The ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to produce complex radiation patterns in the far-field is determined by various factors, such as the unit cell's design, spatial arrangement, tuning mechanism, the communication and control circuitry's complexity, and the illuminatin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2024
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173609 |
| _version_ | 1826128731256651776 |
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| author | Rafique, Ammar Hassan, Naveed Ul Zubair, Muhammad Naqvi, Ijaz Haider Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim Renzo, Marco Di Debbah, Merouane Yuen, Chau |
| author2 | School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Rafique, Ammar Hassan, Naveed Ul Zubair, Muhammad Naqvi, Ijaz Haider Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim Renzo, Marco Di Debbah, Merouane Yuen, Chau |
| author_sort | Rafique, Ammar |
| collection | NTU |
| description | The ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to produce complex radiation patterns in the far-field is determined by various factors, such as the unit cell's design, spatial arrangement, tuning mechanism, the communication and control circuitry's complexity, and the illuminating source's type (point/planewave). Research on RIS has been mainly focused on two areas: first, the optimization and design of unit cells to achieve desired electromagnetic responses within a specific frequency band, and second, exploring the applications of RIS in various settings, including system-level performance analysis. The former does not assume any specific full radiation pattern on the surface level, while the latter does not consider any particular unit cell design. Both approaches largely ignore the complexity and power requirements of the RIS control circuitry. As we progress toward the fabrication and use of RIS in real-world settings, it is becoming increasingly necessary to consider the interplay between the unit cell design, the required surface-level radiation patterns, the control circuit's complexity, and the power requirements concurrently. In this paper, we propose a benchmarking framework comprising a set of simple and complex radiation patterns. Using full-wave simulations, we compare the relative performance of various RISs made from unit cell designs that use PIN diodes as control elements in producing the full radiation patterns in the far-field of the RIS under point/planewave source assumptions. We also analyze the control circuit complexity and power requirements and explore the tradeoffs of various designs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:29:26Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/173609 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:29:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1736092024-04-08T01:24:02Z Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks Rafique, Ammar Hassan, Naveed Ul Zubair, Muhammad Naqvi, Ijaz Haider Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim Renzo, Marco Di Debbah, Merouane Yuen, Chau School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering 6G Unit cell The ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to produce complex radiation patterns in the far-field is determined by various factors, such as the unit cell's design, spatial arrangement, tuning mechanism, the communication and control circuitry's complexity, and the illuminating source's type (point/planewave). Research on RIS has been mainly focused on two areas: first, the optimization and design of unit cells to achieve desired electromagnetic responses within a specific frequency band, and second, exploring the applications of RIS in various settings, including system-level performance analysis. The former does not assume any specific full radiation pattern on the surface level, while the latter does not consider any particular unit cell design. Both approaches largely ignore the complexity and power requirements of the RIS control circuitry. As we progress toward the fabrication and use of RIS in real-world settings, it is becoming increasingly necessary to consider the interplay between the unit cell design, the required surface-level radiation patterns, the control circuit's complexity, and the power requirements concurrently. In this paper, we propose a benchmarking framework comprising a set of simple and complex radiation patterns. Using full-wave simulations, we compare the relative performance of various RISs made from unit cell designs that use PIN diodes as control elements in producing the full radiation patterns in the far-field of the RIS under point/planewave source assumptions. We also analyze the control circuit complexity and power requirements and explore the tradeoffs of various designs. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) Published version This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE Tier 2 under Award MOE-T2EP50220-0019; in part by the Science and Engineering Research Council of A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore, under Grant M22L1b0110; and in part by the LUMS Faculty Initiative Fund (FIF). The work of Marco Di Renzo was supported in part by the European Commission through the H2020 ARIADNE Project under Grant 871464, through the H2020 RISE-6G Project under Grant 101017011, and in part by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR PEPR-5G and Future Networks) under Grant NF-PERSEUS and Grant 22-PEFT-004. 2024-02-19T01:50:02Z 2024-02-19T01:50:02Z 2023 Journal Article Rafique, A., Hassan, N. U., Zubair, M., Naqvi, I. H., Mehmood, M. Q., Renzo, M. D., Debbah, M. & Yuen, C. (2023). Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 4, 1583-1599. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3292357 2644-125X https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173609 10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3292357 2-s2.0-85164719235 4 1583 1599 en MOE-T2EP50220-0019 M22L1b0110 IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society © The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Engineering 6G Unit cell Rafique, Ammar Hassan, Naveed Ul Zubair, Muhammad Naqvi, Ijaz Haider Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim Renzo, Marco Di Debbah, Merouane Yuen, Chau Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| title | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| title_full | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| title_fullStr | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| title_short | Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: interplay of unit cell and surface-level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| title_sort | reconfigurable intelligent surfaces interplay of unit cell and surface level design and performance under quantifiable benchmarks |
| topic | Engineering 6G Unit cell |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/173609 |
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