Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are ubiquitous analog building blocks, used in a wide variety of applications. Increasingly prevalent non-idealities in modern semiconductor fabrication technologies preclude good op-amp characteristics such as high gain and wide input and output voltage swings in pr...
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| Format: | Thesis-Master by Coursework |
| Language: | English |
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Nanyang Technological University
2024
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/177611 |
| _version_ | 1826122943785074688 |
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| author | Muhammad Irwandy Bin Kamarudin |
| author2 | Siek Liter |
| author_facet | Siek Liter Muhammad Irwandy Bin Kamarudin |
| author_sort | Muhammad Irwandy Bin Kamarudin |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are ubiquitous analog building blocks, used in a wide variety of applications. Increasingly prevalent non-idealities in modern semiconductor fabrication technologies preclude good op-amp characteristics such as high gain and wide input and output voltage swings in proportion to supply voltage VDD. Hence, it is important that gain-boosting techniques are explored and applied in the realisation of rail-to-rail input and output (RRIO) op-amps. Further, compact and low-power op-amps are useful for monitoring electrical nets inside an IC under test, where such nets may be unable to provide sufficient drive to probes for test equipment such as oscilloscopes. To cater to this use case, such op- amps must be capable of driving oscilloscope probes, which can present significant capacitive loading (≈ 100 pF). The proposed RRIO op-amp, which is designed and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso using a 55nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, employs a constant-GmT rail-to- rail (RRI) input stage, gain-boosting amplifiers and a class-AB rail-to-rail output (RRO) stage. The proposed op-amp operates at 1.2 V nominal supply voltage and is shown to be capable of driving a large capacitive load (CL ≤ 200 pF) with high gain (≥ 90 dB) across a wide variation in process, supply voltage and temperature (PVT). Lastly, some areas for improvement, relevant to the amplifier bandwidth, die area and noise performance, are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:56:32Z |
| format | Thesis-Master by Coursework |
| id | ntu-10356/177611 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:56:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Nanyang Technological University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1776112024-05-31T15:50:07Z Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier Muhammad Irwandy Bin Kamarudin Siek Liter School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ELSIEK@ntu.edu.sg Engineering Amplifier Electronic circuits Integrated circuits Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are ubiquitous analog building blocks, used in a wide variety of applications. Increasingly prevalent non-idealities in modern semiconductor fabrication technologies preclude good op-amp characteristics such as high gain and wide input and output voltage swings in proportion to supply voltage VDD. Hence, it is important that gain-boosting techniques are explored and applied in the realisation of rail-to-rail input and output (RRIO) op-amps. Further, compact and low-power op-amps are useful for monitoring electrical nets inside an IC under test, where such nets may be unable to provide sufficient drive to probes for test equipment such as oscilloscopes. To cater to this use case, such op- amps must be capable of driving oscilloscope probes, which can present significant capacitive loading (≈ 100 pF). The proposed RRIO op-amp, which is designed and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso using a 55nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, employs a constant-GmT rail-to- rail (RRI) input stage, gain-boosting amplifiers and a class-AB rail-to-rail output (RRO) stage. The proposed op-amp operates at 1.2 V nominal supply voltage and is shown to be capable of driving a large capacitive load (CL ≤ 200 pF) with high gain (≥ 90 dB) across a wide variation in process, supply voltage and temperature (PVT). Lastly, some areas for improvement, relevant to the amplifier bandwidth, die area and noise performance, are recommended. Master's degree 2024-05-29T02:38:47Z 2024-05-29T02:38:47Z 2024 Thesis-Master by Coursework Muhammad Irwandy Bin Kamarudin (2024). Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier. Master's thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/177611 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/177611 en application/pdf Nanyang Technological University |
| spellingShingle | Engineering Amplifier Electronic circuits Integrated circuits Muhammad Irwandy Bin Kamarudin Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| title | Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| title_full | Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| title_fullStr | Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| title_short | Rail-to-rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| title_sort | rail to rail input and output micropower operational amplifier |
| topic | Engineering Amplifier Electronic circuits Integrated circuits |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/177611 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhammadirwandybinkamarudin railtorailinputandoutputmicropoweroperationalamplifier |