Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins
Biogenic impurities are common contaminants of plastic waste. This study investigated the effects of biogenic impurities on the conversion of a polyolefin mixture (6 wt% low-density polyethylene, 24 wt% high-density polyethylene, and 70 wt% polypropylene) into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2024
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/179446 |
| _version_ | 1811678812819161088 |
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| author | Veksha, Andrei Lu, Jintao Tsakadze, Zviad Chen, Wenqian Lisak, Grzegorz |
| author2 | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Veksha, Andrei Lu, Jintao Tsakadze, Zviad Chen, Wenqian Lisak, Grzegorz |
| author_sort | Veksha, Andrei |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Biogenic impurities are common contaminants of plastic waste. This study investigated the effects of biogenic impurities on the conversion of a polyolefin mixture (6 wt% low-density polyethylene, 24 wt% high-density polyethylene, and 70 wt% polypropylene) into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrogen via pyrolysis-chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Biogenic components from diverse sources were added to the polyolefin mixture, including lignocellulosic materials (pine sawdust, coconut coir pith), biosolids from wastewater treatment (municipal sewage sludge), animal-based waste (crustaceans), and bio-based plastic (polylactic acid). At contamination levels up to 9.1 wt%, 3 out of 5 impurities (coconut coir pith, sewage sludge and crustaceans) caused a decline in the conversion efficiency of feedstock into MWCNTs (33 ± 7% for polyolefins only compared with 20 ± 6%, 16 ± 1% and 16 ± 2% for polyolefins with 9.1 wt% coconut coir pith, sewage sludge and crustaceans, respectively). According to gas analysis, impurities led to a loss of catalyst activity, resulting in a decreased concentration of H2 and increased concentrations of methane and ethylene in the CVD gas. Furthermore, for polyolefins containing 9.1 wt% coconut coir pith, sewage sludge, crustaceans and polylactic acid, microscopy data revealed changes in the growth of filamentous carbon, leading to the appearance of carbon nanofibers in MWCNT samples. On the contrary, biogenic impurities barely changed outer diameters, ID/IG ratios, interlayer spacing, crystallite sizes of graphite-like sites, and the surface chemistry of MWCNT samples. The results suggest the development of quality management system for contaminated plastic feedstock could be advantageous to ensure consistent outcomes of pyrolysis-CVD process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:59:13Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/179446 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:59:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1794462024-07-31T06:00:11Z Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins Veksha, Andrei Lu, Jintao Tsakadze, Zviad Chen, Wenqian Lisak, Grzegorz School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS) Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Engineering Carbon nanotubes Chemical vapor deposition Biogenic impurities are common contaminants of plastic waste. This study investigated the effects of biogenic impurities on the conversion of a polyolefin mixture (6 wt% low-density polyethylene, 24 wt% high-density polyethylene, and 70 wt% polypropylene) into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrogen via pyrolysis-chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Biogenic components from diverse sources were added to the polyolefin mixture, including lignocellulosic materials (pine sawdust, coconut coir pith), biosolids from wastewater treatment (municipal sewage sludge), animal-based waste (crustaceans), and bio-based plastic (polylactic acid). At contamination levels up to 9.1 wt%, 3 out of 5 impurities (coconut coir pith, sewage sludge and crustaceans) caused a decline in the conversion efficiency of feedstock into MWCNTs (33 ± 7% for polyolefins only compared with 20 ± 6%, 16 ± 1% and 16 ± 2% for polyolefins with 9.1 wt% coconut coir pith, sewage sludge and crustaceans, respectively). According to gas analysis, impurities led to a loss of catalyst activity, resulting in a decreased concentration of H2 and increased concentrations of methane and ethylene in the CVD gas. Furthermore, for polyolefins containing 9.1 wt% coconut coir pith, sewage sludge, crustaceans and polylactic acid, microscopy data revealed changes in the growth of filamentous carbon, leading to the appearance of carbon nanofibers in MWCNT samples. On the contrary, biogenic impurities barely changed outer diameters, ID/IG ratios, interlayer spacing, crystallite sizes of graphite-like sites, and the surface chemistry of MWCNT samples. The results suggest the development of quality management system for contaminated plastic feedstock could be advantageous to ensure consistent outcomes of pyrolysis-CVD process. National Research Foundation (NRF) Public Utilities Board (PUB) This research/project is supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore, and PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency under its RIE2025 Urban Solutions and Sustainability (USS) (Water) Center of Excellence (CoE) Program, awarded to Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of National Research Foundation, Singapore and PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency. 2024-07-31T06:00:10Z 2024-07-31T06:00:10Z 2024 Journal Article Veksha, A., Lu, J., Tsakadze, Z., Chen, W. & Lisak, G. (2024). Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins. Journal of Cleaner Production, 450, 142074-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142074 0959-6526 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/179446 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142074 2-s2.0-85189355969 450 142074 en Journal of Cleaner Production © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| spellingShingle | Engineering Carbon nanotubes Chemical vapor deposition Veksha, Andrei Lu, Jintao Tsakadze, Zviad Chen, Wenqian Lisak, Grzegorz Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| title | Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| title_full | Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| title_fullStr | Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| title_short | Impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| title_sort | impact of biogenic impurities on catalytic synthesis of multi walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from polyolefin resins |
| topic | Engineering Carbon nanotubes Chemical vapor deposition |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/179446 |
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