High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range
Since their first demonstration in 2001 [Gol’tsman et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 705-707 (2001)], superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have witnessed two decades of great developments. SNSPDs are the detector of choice in most modern quantum optics experiments and are slowly fin...
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| 格式: | Journal Article |
| 语言: | English |
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2024
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| 在线阅读: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/179732 |
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| author | Los, J. W. Niels Sidorova, Mariia Lopez-Rodriguez, Bruno Qualm, Patrick Chang, Jin Steinhauer, Stephan Zwiller, Val Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil |
| author2 | School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences |
| author_facet | School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Los, J. W. Niels Sidorova, Mariia Lopez-Rodriguez, Bruno Qualm, Patrick Chang, Jin Steinhauer, Stephan Zwiller, Val Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil |
| author_sort | Los, J. W. Niels |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Since their first demonstration in 2001 [Gol’tsman et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 705-707 (2001)], superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have witnessed two decades of great developments. SNSPDs are the detector of choice in most modern quantum optics experiments and are slowly finding their way into other photon-starved fields of optics. Until now, however, in nearly all experiments, SNSPDs were used as “binary” detectors, meaning that they could only distinguish between 0 and > = 1 photons, and photon number information was lost. Recent research has demonstrated proof-of-principle photon-number resolution (PNR) SNSPDs counting 2-5 photons. The photon-number-resolving capability is highly demanded in various quantum-optics experiments, including Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, photonic quantum computing, quantum communication, and non-Gaussian quantum state preparation. In particular, PNR detectors at the wavelength range of 850-950 nm are of great interest due to the availability of high-quality semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [Heindel et al., Adv. Opt. Photonics 15, 613-738 (2023)] and high-performance cesium-based quantum memories [Ma et al., J. Opt. 19, 043001 (2017)]. In this paper, we demonstrate NbTiN-based SNSPDs with >94% system detection efficiency, sub-11 ps timing jitter for one photon, and sub-7 ps for 2 photons. More importantly, our detectors resolve up to 7 photons using conventional cryogenic electric readout circuitry. Through theoretical analysis, we show that the PNR performance of demonstrated detectors can be further improved by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of our readout circuitry. Our results are promising for the future of optical quantum computing and quantum communication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:52:03Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/179732 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:52:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1797322024-08-26T15:35:49Z High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range Los, J. W. Niels Sidorova, Mariia Lopez-Rodriguez, Bruno Qualm, Patrick Chang, Jin Steinhauer, Stephan Zwiller, Val Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Physics Photon numbers Quantum optics Since their first demonstration in 2001 [Gol’tsman et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 705-707 (2001)], superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have witnessed two decades of great developments. SNSPDs are the detector of choice in most modern quantum optics experiments and are slowly finding their way into other photon-starved fields of optics. Until now, however, in nearly all experiments, SNSPDs were used as “binary” detectors, meaning that they could only distinguish between 0 and > = 1 photons, and photon number information was lost. Recent research has demonstrated proof-of-principle photon-number resolution (PNR) SNSPDs counting 2-5 photons. The photon-number-resolving capability is highly demanded in various quantum-optics experiments, including Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, photonic quantum computing, quantum communication, and non-Gaussian quantum state preparation. In particular, PNR detectors at the wavelength range of 850-950 nm are of great interest due to the availability of high-quality semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [Heindel et al., Adv. Opt. Photonics 15, 613-738 (2023)] and high-performance cesium-based quantum memories [Ma et al., J. Opt. 19, 043001 (2017)]. In this paper, we demonstrate NbTiN-based SNSPDs with >94% system detection efficiency, sub-11 ps timing jitter for one photon, and sub-7 ps for 2 photons. More importantly, our detectors resolve up to 7 photons using conventional cryogenic electric readout circuitry. Through theoretical analysis, we show that the PNR performance of demonstrated detectors can be further improved by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of our readout circuitry. Our results are promising for the future of optical quantum computing and quantum communication. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) National Research Foundation (NRF) Published version J.W.N.L. and I.E.Z. acknowledge the funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under Grant Agreement Nos. 101098717 (RESPITE project) and 101099291 (fastMOT project). M.S. acknowledges the funding support from the National Research Foundation, Singapore, and A∗STAR under the Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP-P1). 2024-08-20T01:10:45Z 2024-08-20T01:10:45Z 2024 Journal Article Los, J. W. N., Sidorova, M., Lopez-Rodriguez, B., Qualm, P., Chang, J., Steinhauer, S., Zwiller, V. & Zadeh, I. E. (2024). High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range. APL Photonics, 9(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0204340 2378-0967 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/179732 10.1063/5.0204340 2-s2.0-85195412226 6 9 en QEP-P1 APL Photonics © 2024 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Physics Photon numbers Quantum optics Los, J. W. Niels Sidorova, Mariia Lopez-Rodriguez, Bruno Qualm, Patrick Chang, Jin Steinhauer, Stephan Zwiller, Val Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range |
| title | High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range |
| title_full | High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range |
| title_fullStr | High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range |
| title_short | High-performance photon number resolving detectors for 850-950 nm wavelength range |
| title_sort | high performance photon number resolving detectors for 850 950 nm wavelength range |
| topic | Physics Photon numbers Quantum optics |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/179732 |
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