Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism
Sea-level-rise challenges intensify the urgent need to discover materials surpassing Portland cement (PC), which deteriorates in seawater. Amid durability concerns on low-stability components in PC, ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) activated with MgO emerges as potential alternative. Howev...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2024
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180559 |
| _version_ | 1826127283992133632 |
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| author | Ting, Matthew Zhi Yeon Sun, Xinlei Yi, Yaolin |
| author2 | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Ting, Matthew Zhi Yeon Sun, Xinlei Yi, Yaolin |
| author_sort | Ting, Matthew Zhi Yeon |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Sea-level-rise challenges intensify the urgent need to discover materials surpassing Portland cement (PC), which deteriorates in seawater. Amid durability concerns on low-stability components in PC, ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) activated with MgO emerges as potential alternative. However, the durability of MgO-GGBS in seawater remains unclear. Hence, this work investigated the seawater resistance of GGBS activated by MgO with different reactivities: low (MgOL), medium (MgOM), and high (MgOH). MgO-GGBS was pre-cured (7, 28, 90 days) and exposed to seawater for up to 365 days. Volume, mass, compressive strength, and hydrate evolutions after seawater attack, were examined. MgO-GGBS in seawater exhibited no physical deterioration despite a volume increase of 0.35 %–1.23 %, and their compressive strength remained higher than before immersion. Moreover, MgO-GGBS outperformed PC, with the former having normalized strength (i.e. relative to 0-day immersion) of 15 %–79 % against −18 %–8 % for the latter. Low ettringite production in MgO-GGBS contributed to its promising durability. However, the strength of MgO-GGBS in seawater still reduced by 13.3 %–26.7 % compared to in distilled water. The pH of MgO-GGBS decreased over time in seawater, while Si/Ca and Al/Ca ratios of hydrate increased, indicating hydrate decalcification. Despite deterioration, MgOM-GGBS exhibited the highest seawater resistance owing to higher pH and included more hydrate phases of hydrotalcite and magnesium silicate hydrate, which were less reactive with seawater. The study demonstrates that MgO-GGBS has the potential to be utilized as seawater-resistant binder in specific marine applications. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-09T14:31:29Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/180559 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-09T14:31:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1805592024-10-11T15:33:52Z Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism Ting, Matthew Zhi Yeon Sun, Xinlei Yi, Yaolin School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering Durability Seawater Sea-level-rise challenges intensify the urgent need to discover materials surpassing Portland cement (PC), which deteriorates in seawater. Amid durability concerns on low-stability components in PC, ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) activated with MgO emerges as potential alternative. However, the durability of MgO-GGBS in seawater remains unclear. Hence, this work investigated the seawater resistance of GGBS activated by MgO with different reactivities: low (MgOL), medium (MgOM), and high (MgOH). MgO-GGBS was pre-cured (7, 28, 90 days) and exposed to seawater for up to 365 days. Volume, mass, compressive strength, and hydrate evolutions after seawater attack, were examined. MgO-GGBS in seawater exhibited no physical deterioration despite a volume increase of 0.35 %–1.23 %, and their compressive strength remained higher than before immersion. Moreover, MgO-GGBS outperformed PC, with the former having normalized strength (i.e. relative to 0-day immersion) of 15 %–79 % against −18 %–8 % for the latter. Low ettringite production in MgO-GGBS contributed to its promising durability. However, the strength of MgO-GGBS in seawater still reduced by 13.3 %–26.7 % compared to in distilled water. The pH of MgO-GGBS decreased over time in seawater, while Si/Ca and Al/Ca ratios of hydrate increased, indicating hydrate decalcification. Despite deterioration, MgOM-GGBS exhibited the highest seawater resistance owing to higher pH and included more hydrate phases of hydrotalcite and magnesium silicate hydrate, which were less reactive with seawater. The study demonstrates that MgO-GGBS has the potential to be utilized as seawater-resistant binder in specific marine applications. Ministry of Education (MOE) Submitted/Accepted version This research work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP50220-0004). 2024-10-11T08:05:28Z 2024-10-11T08:05:28Z 2024 Journal Article Ting, M. Z. Y., Sun, X. & Yi, Y. (2024). Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism. Construction and Building Materials, 444, 137832-. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137832 0950-0618 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180559 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137832 2-s2.0-85200974228 444 137832 en MOE-T2EP50220-0004 Construction and Building Materials © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the copyright holder. The Version of Record is available online at http://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137832. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Engineering Durability Seawater Ting, Matthew Zhi Yeon Sun, Xinlei Yi, Yaolin Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| title | Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| title_full | Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| title_short | Seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities: durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| title_sort | seawater resistance of blastfurnace slag activated by reactive magnesia with different reactivities durability performance and deterioration mechanism |
| topic | Engineering Durability Seawater |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/180559 |
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