Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis
The plant master photoperiodic regulator CONSTANS (CO) interacts with Nuclear Factor-Y subunits B2 (NF-YB2) and C9 (NF-YC9) and transcriptionally activates the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), regulating floral transition. However, the molecular mechanism of the functional four-component comple...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2025
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/182766 |
| _version_ | 1826118528205324288 |
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| author | Huang, Xiang Ma, Zhiming He, Danxia Han, Xiao Liu, Xu Dong, Qiong Tan, Cuirong Yu, Bin Sun, Tiedong Nordenskiöld, Lars Lu, Lanyuan Miao, Yansong Hou, Xingliang |
| author2 | School of Biological Sciences |
| author_facet | School of Biological Sciences Huang, Xiang Ma, Zhiming He, Danxia Han, Xiao Liu, Xu Dong, Qiong Tan, Cuirong Yu, Bin Sun, Tiedong Nordenskiöld, Lars Lu, Lanyuan Miao, Yansong Hou, Xingliang |
| author_sort | Huang, Xiang |
| collection | NTU |
| description | The plant master photoperiodic regulator CONSTANS (CO) interacts with Nuclear Factor-Y subunits B2 (NF-YB2) and C9 (NF-YC9) and transcriptionally activates the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), regulating floral transition. However, the molecular mechanism of the functional four-component complex assembly in the nucleus remains elusive. We report that co-phase separation of CO with NF-YB2/NF-YC9/FT precisely controls heterogeneous CO assembly and FT transcriptional activation. In response to light signals, CO proteins form functional percolation clusters from a diffuse distribution in a B-box-motif-dependent manner. Multivalent coassembly with NF-YC9 and NF-YB2 prevents inhibitory condensate formation and is necessary to maintain proper CO assembly and material properties. The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NF-YC9, containing a polyglutamine motif, fine-tunes the functional properties of CO/NF-YB/NF-YC condensates. Specific FT promoter recognition with polyelectrolyte partitioning also enables the fluidic functional properties of CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT condensates. Our findings offer novel insights into the tunable macromolecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex in controlling flowering in the photoperiod control. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-09T12:12:19Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/182766 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-09T12:12:19Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/1827662025-02-24T15:32:39Z Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis Huang, Xiang Ma, Zhiming He, Danxia Han, Xiao Liu, Xu Dong, Qiong Tan, Cuirong Yu, Bin Sun, Tiedong Nordenskiöld, Lars Lu, Lanyuan Miao, Yansong Hou, Xingliang School of Biological Sciences Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Floral Transition Macromolecular Condensation The plant master photoperiodic regulator CONSTANS (CO) interacts with Nuclear Factor-Y subunits B2 (NF-YB2) and C9 (NF-YC9) and transcriptionally activates the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), regulating floral transition. However, the molecular mechanism of the functional four-component complex assembly in the nucleus remains elusive. We report that co-phase separation of CO with NF-YB2/NF-YC9/FT precisely controls heterogeneous CO assembly and FT transcriptional activation. In response to light signals, CO proteins form functional percolation clusters from a diffuse distribution in a B-box-motif-dependent manner. Multivalent coassembly with NF-YC9 and NF-YB2 prevents inhibitory condensate formation and is necessary to maintain proper CO assembly and material properties. The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NF-YC9, containing a polyglutamine motif, fine-tunes the functional properties of CO/NF-YB/NF-YC condensates. Specific FT promoter recognition with polyelectrolyte partitioning also enables the fluidic functional properties of CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT condensates. Our findings offer novel insights into the tunable macromolecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex in controlling flowering in the photoperiod control. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University National Research Foundation (NRF) Published version This study was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (E3330900-01to XH), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2022B1111230001 to XH), and Ministry of Education (MOE2019-T3-1-012, MOE-T2EP30121-0015, MOE-T2EP30122-0021), IDMxS (EDUN C-33-18-279-V12), and National Research Foundation (MOH-000955, NRF-NRFI08-2022-0012) to YM in Singapore. 2025-02-24T07:39:19Z 2025-02-24T07:39:19Z 2025 Journal Article Huang, X., Ma, Z., He, D., Han, X., Liu, X., Dong, Q., Tan, C., Yu, B., Sun, T., Nordenskiöld, L., Lu, L., Miao, Y. & Hou, X. (2025). Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis. The EMBO Journal, 44(1), 225-250. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00293-0 0261-4189 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/182766 10.1038/s44318-024-00293-0 39567828 2-s2.0-85209660988 1 44 225 250 en MOE2019-T3-1-012 MOE-T2EP30121-0015 MOE-T2EP30122-0021 EDUN C-33-18-279-V12 MOH-000955 NRF-NRFI08-2022-0012 The EMBO journal © 2024 The Author(s). Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Com-mons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/public-domain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Floral Transition Macromolecular Condensation Huang, Xiang Ma, Zhiming He, Danxia Han, Xiao Liu, Xu Dong, Qiong Tan, Cuirong Yu, Bin Sun, Tiedong Nordenskiöld, Lars Lu, Lanyuan Miao, Yansong Hou, Xingliang Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis |
| title | Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | molecular condensation of the co nf yb nf yc ft complex gates floral transition in arabidopsis |
| topic | Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Floral Transition Macromolecular Condensation |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/182766 |
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