| Summary: | Retroviruses produce few proteins (10 to 15 in most cases), and yet they can manipulate the host replication machinery for its survival advantages. In the current project period, we used coronavirus as a tool and were able to advance our understanding of viral-host interactions. We demonstrated how certain viral proteins manipulate the host cellular machinery and how viral proteins
modulate apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and mitogenic growth. These results provide insights to cell signaling mechanism and protein-protein interactions that are fundamentally important to the understanding of infection and pathophysiology of disease.
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