UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene.
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometry (UPS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) allow for different techniques in detecting resonance in carbon based compounds. Using amorphous carbon and graphite as reference samples, it is shown that resonance results in a widening of a characteristic peak...
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| Format: | Final Year Project (FYP) |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2011
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10356/44861 |
| _version_ | 1826125898604085248 |
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| author | Kwan, Yue Chau. |
| author2 | Huan Cheng Hon, Alfred |
| author_facet | Huan Cheng Hon, Alfred Kwan, Yue Chau. |
| author_sort | Kwan, Yue Chau. |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometry (UPS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) allow for different techniques in detecting resonance in carbon based compounds. Using amorphous carbon and graphite as reference samples, it is shown that resonance results in a widening of a characteristic peak in the spectra, an increase in the number of electrons in the region of low binding energy (3.0eV - 9.0eV), a reduction in the energy gap between the valence band edge and the Fermi level and a reduction in the valence band edge to the vacuum level; visible under a UPS measurement. A XPS measurement reveals a shake-up feature that can be used to determine the dominant band to band transition in the material.
Using these results, annealed and unannealed Poly-3-Hexyl-Thiophene (P3HT) can characterized and compared. Annealed P3HT exhibits a larger number of electrons in the region of low binding energy electrons, a lower ionization energy but no change in the Valence band edge - Fermi level gap when compared against unannealed P3HT. XPS measurements reveal a dominant π
→ π∗ transition 6.0eV away from the main C1s peak without any associated C1s peak widening. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:43:55Z |
| format | Final Year Project (FYP) |
| id | ntu-10356/44861 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T06:43:55Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/448612023-02-28T23:16:41Z UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. Kwan, Yue Chau. Huan Cheng Hon, Alfred School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences DRNTU::Science::Physics Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometry (UPS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) allow for different techniques in detecting resonance in carbon based compounds. Using amorphous carbon and graphite as reference samples, it is shown that resonance results in a widening of a characteristic peak in the spectra, an increase in the number of electrons in the region of low binding energy (3.0eV - 9.0eV), a reduction in the energy gap between the valence band edge and the Fermi level and a reduction in the valence band edge to the vacuum level; visible under a UPS measurement. A XPS measurement reveals a shake-up feature that can be used to determine the dominant band to band transition in the material. Using these results, annealed and unannealed Poly-3-Hexyl-Thiophene (P3HT) can characterized and compared. Annealed P3HT exhibits a larger number of electrons in the region of low binding energy electrons, a lower ionization energy but no change in the Valence band edge - Fermi level gap when compared against unannealed P3HT. XPS measurements reveal a dominant π → π∗ transition 6.0eV away from the main C1s peak without any associated C1s peak widening. Bachelor of Science in Physics 2011-06-06T06:52:30Z 2011-06-06T06:52:30Z 2011 2011 Final Year Project (FYP) http://hdl.handle.net/10356/44861 en 85 p. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | DRNTU::Science::Physics Kwan, Yue Chau. UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. |
| title | UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. |
| title_full | UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. |
| title_fullStr | UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. |
| title_full_unstemmed | UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. |
| title_short | UPS and XPS study of annealed and unannealed poly-3-hexyl-thiophene. |
| title_sort | ups and xps study of annealed and unannealed poly 3 hexyl thiophene |
| topic | DRNTU::Science::Physics |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10356/44861 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kwanyuechau upsandxpsstudyofannealedandunannealedpoly3hexylthiophene |