| Summary: | Below a critical dimension of 100 nm, materials exhibit various new, interesting and superior qualities. These materials, known as nanomaterials, have attracted unprecedented scientific interest in the industry and technology sectors. In recent years, emerging nanomaterials such as graphene and black phosphorus have demonstrated potential to improve and revolutionize the field of chemical and biochemical sensing. In this thesis, the design and fabrication of nanosensors based on various analytical transduction techniques were introduced in key sensing applications. This thesis is organized into five (5) chapters. Chapter 1 provides the reader with a general introduction to the layered nanomaterials: graphene and black phosphorus. It also examines conventional transduction techniques applied in chemical and biochemical sensing of the organic molecules: nitro-substituted aromatic explosive compounds and deoxyribonucleic acid. In-depth discussion on previous work with relation to the structural, chemical, electrochemical and photophysical characteristics of the layered nanomaterials for the development of highly sensitive and selective detection platforms are included in subsequent Chapters 2 – 4. Finally, a summary and perspective of the work presented in this thesis are presented in Chapter 5.
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